Describe The Anatomy Of The Female Reproductive System - Internal Vagina

Question 1

What is the definition of the vagina?

Answer 1

A canal from vestibule to the cervix, passing upwards and backwards into the pelvis along the line of the pelvic brim

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of the vagina?

Answer 2

1. Passage and escape of menstrual flow
2. Recieved the penis and ejaculate during intercourse
3. Provides exit of foetus during birth

Question 3

Describe the location anatomically?

Answer 3

Anterior- bladder
Posterior- rectum
Superior- uterus
Inferior- external genitalia

Question 4

What is the posterior fornix?

Answer 4

Largest because vagina is attached to uterus at a higher level behind.

Question 5

What is the lateral fornices? What is the anterior fornix?

Answer 5

Lie either side of the cervix
In front of the cervix

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of the vagina?

Answer 6

Lining: spun outs epithelium arranged in rugae.
Muscle layer: weaker inner circular fibres and strong outer longitudinal fibres
Pelvic fascia: connective tissue surrounding the vagina

Question 7

Where is the uterus located?

Answer 7

Between the bladder and rectum.

Question 8

Why is the uterus anteversion and anteflexion?

Answer 8

It’s anteversion because it leans forward. It’s anteflexion because it bends forwards upon itself.

Question 9

What is the fundus?

Answer 9

Domed upper wall between the insertion of the uterine tubes

Question 10

What is the cornuae?

Answer 10

The upper outer angles of the uterus where the uterine tubes join

Question 11

What is the uterus body or corpus?

Answer 11

Makes up two thirds of the uterus.

Question 12

What is the uterus cavity?

Answer 12

Within the body of the uterus, triangular in shape

Question 13

What is the isthmus?

Answer 13

Situated at the junction of the body and cervix . 7mm long

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 14

1. Perimetrium
   2.myometrium - muscle layer
   3.endometrium

Question 15

What is the perimentrium?

Answer 15

Layer of peritoneum draped over the uterus and uterine tubes

Question 16

What is myometrium?

Answer 16

Inner layer: circular fibres around the Cornua and cervix
Middle layer: interlacing spiral fibres - upper part of the body
Outer layer: longitudinal fibres from the cervix anteriorly over the fundus to the cervix posteriorly

Question 17

What is the endometrium?

Answer 17

Functional layer: thickens and sheds during mentrual cycle
Basal layer: from which functional layer regenerates every cycle

Question 18

Where is the cervix located?

Answer 18

Lower parts sits within the vagina
Upper part sits above the vagina

Question 19

Describe the cervical canal. What are the glands that secret muscus?

Answer 19

A canal made up of columnar epithelium. Racemose glands secrets mucus.

Question 20

What is the uterus blood supply?

Answer 20

Uterine & ovarian arteries - branches of internal iliac artery
Venous drainage - corresponding veins

Question 21

What is the uterus nerve supply?

Answer 21

11th, 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar nerve. Cervix by sacral nerves 2,3 and 4

Question 22

What is the function of uterine tubes?

Answer 22

Propel the ovum towards the uterus.
Receives spermatozoa.
Provides site for fertilisation.

Question 23

What is the position of uterine tubes?

Answer 23

Extends laterally from cornua of the uterus towards the side walls of the pelvis.
Arch over ovaries.
Held in place by attachment to the uterus and the peritoneum

Question 24

What are the 4 parts to a uterine tube? Put it in the correct order in which they follow each other from beginning of uterine tube to the end of it.

Answer 24

1. Interstitial portion
2. Isthmus
3. Ampulla
4. Infundibulum with fimbriae

Question 25

What is the structure of the uterine tube?

Answer 25

Longitudinal and circular muscle
Lined with ciliates columnar epithelium. These help move ovum from infundibulum towards uterus

Question 26

What is the uterine tubes blood supply?

Answer 26

Ovarian and uterine arteries- branches of the internal iliac artery and corresponding veins

Question 27

What is the uterine tube nerve supply?

Answer 27

Ovarian plexus and the parasympathetic system

Question 28

What is the function of the ovaries? What is the position?

Answer 28

Produce oocytes
Produce hormones - oestrogen and progesterone
Attached to the uterine by ovarian ligament

Question 29

What are the two components the ovary are comprised of?

Answer 29

Medulla and cortex

Question 30

What is the medulla in relation to the ovaries?

Answer 30

Supporting framework of the ovaries.
made of fibrous tissue, ovarian blood vessels and the lymphatuc and nerve transport channel.
They enter the ovary by the mesovarium or hilum

Question 31

What is the cortex in relation to the ovaries?

Answer 31

Functioning part of the ovary.
Contains ovarian follicles in different stages of development.
Surrounded by stroma ( unique connective tissue )