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Chapter 10 Neural Tissue > Describe The Anatomical And Functional Divisions Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

Describe The Anatomical And Functional Divisions Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Nervous system do?

A

The nervous system controls all other body systems and communications between body components.

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2
Q

What other things is the nervous system involved in?

A

Action, emotion and thoughts.

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3
Q

What is used in cellular communication?

A

Chemical and electrical signals

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4
Q

What is the unit in which all nervous system activity is based?

A

It is the Neuron Cell (nerve Cell).

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5
Q

Describe the basic appears of a neuron?

A

A neuron has a nucleaus within a cell body (soma) and has extending parts called processes.

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6
Q

What is a soma?

A

A cell body.

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7
Q

What is a neuroglia also called?

A

Glail.

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8
Q

What is a neuroglia or glial?

A

It is supporting tissue cells of the nervous system.

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9
Q

What do neuroglia do?

A

They provide insulation, physical support and provide nutrients to neurons.

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10
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

This is where neuroglia engulfs and digests particles, cells and molecules.

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11
Q

What other functions do neuroglia conduct?

A

They fill spaces, produce components of myelin.

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12
Q

What is myelin?

A

It is electrically insulating material that forms a sheath, usually only around the axon.

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13
Q

What is the function of Myelin?

A

It provides a structured framework.

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14
Q

Where can the Neuroglia be found?

A

In both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

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15
Q

What are the four Neuroglia of the central nervous system?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
  • Microglial cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
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16
Q

What are the two types of neuroglia that are found in the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • satellite cells

- Schwann cells

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17
Q

What is the primary function of Schwann Cells?

A

They form myelin sheaths around axons.

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18
Q

What does the nervous system control?

A

All of the body’s functions and maintains homeostasis.

19
Q

Where is information carried to?

A

Information is carried to the brain and spinal cord which in turn stimulates a body response.

20
Q

What are effector organs?

A

Effector organs are organs such as glands and muscles.

21
Q

What does the nervous system do with effector organs?

A

The nervous system will receive information which it processes and interprets it to determine how it should respond.

22
Q

What is the collective term for a response from the nervous system?

A

A response is collectively known as motor output.

23
Q

What are the three basic steps of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory input
  2. Integration (the process of deciding what should happen).
  3. Motor output (the response or activation).
24
Q

What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

25
Q

Where is the Central Nervous System located?

A

The Dorsal Cavity.

26
Q

Where does the Peripheral Nervous System connect?

A

The Peripheral Nervous System connects to the Central Nervous System.

27
Q

What is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system?

A

It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

28
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

It is made up of nerves extending from the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body.

29
Q

What do cranial nerves do?

A

The cranial nerves transmit impulses from the brain.

30
Q

What do spinal nerves do?

A

Spinal nerves transmit impulses to and from the spinal cord.

31
Q

working together, what do the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system do?

A

They provide sensory, integrative and motor functions to the body.

32
Q

What are the two functional subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • The Afferent division (sensory)

- The Efferent division (motor)

33
Q

What is afferent division?

A

This is the carrying of impulses toward the Central Nervous System from the body’s sensory receptors.

34
Q

What is the purpose of the Afferent Division (Sensory)?

A

The Afferent division informs the central nervous system of all events happening inside and outside the body.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the somatic sensory fibres?

A

They transmit impulses from joints, skeletal muscles and skin.

36
Q

What is the purpose of visceral sensory fibres?

A

They transmit impulses from visceral organs of ventral body cavity.

37
Q

What is the purpose of the efferent division (motor)?

A

Efferent division carries impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs activating muscles to contract and glands to secrete.

38
Q

What are the two parts of the motor/ efferent division?

A

These are the voluntary nervous system as skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and it and the control of the involuntary system such as those involved in reflexes.

39
Q

What type of nerve fibre does the visceral autonomic nervous system use?

A

The autonomic nervous system contains visceral motor nerve fibres which regulate glandular, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle activity.

40
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system under conscious control?

A

In general no, and is thus sometimes called the involuntary nervous system.

41
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic

- parasympathetic.

42
Q

What is sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Often referred to the fight or flight response, it prepares the body for sudden and intense activity such as responding to a threat.

43
Q

What is the parasympathetic response?

A

This response is often referred to as the rest and digest response as it puts the body in a more relaxed state.

Chapter 10 Neural Tissue (7 decks)

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