Describe The Anatomical And Functional Divisions Of The Nervous System Flashcards
What does the Nervous system do?
The nervous system controls all other body systems and communications between body components.
What other things is the nervous system involved in?
Action, emotion and thoughts.
What is used in cellular communication?
Chemical and electrical signals
What is the unit in which all nervous system activity is based?
It is the Neuron Cell (nerve Cell).
Describe the basic appears of a neuron?
A neuron has a nucleaus within a cell body (soma) and has extending parts called processes.
What is a soma?
A cell body.
What is a neuroglia also called?
Glail.
What is a neuroglia or glial?
It is supporting tissue cells of the nervous system.
What do neuroglia do?
They provide insulation, physical support and provide nutrients to neurons.
What is phagocytosis?
This is where neuroglia engulfs and digests particles, cells and molecules.
What other functions do neuroglia conduct?
They fill spaces, produce components of myelin.
What is myelin?
It is electrically insulating material that forms a sheath, usually only around the axon.
What is the function of Myelin?
It provides a structured framework.
Where can the Neuroglia be found?
In both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
What are the four Neuroglia of the central nervous system?
- Astrocytes
- Ependymal cells
- Microglial cells
- Oligodendrocytes
What are the two types of neuroglia that are found in the peripheral nervous system?
- satellite cells
- Schwann cells
What is the primary function of Schwann Cells?
They form myelin sheaths around axons.
What does the nervous system control?
All of the body’s functions and maintains homeostasis.
Where is information carried to?
Information is carried to the brain and spinal cord which in turn stimulates a body response.
What are effector organs?
Effector organs are organs such as glands and muscles.
What does the nervous system do with effector organs?
The nervous system will receive information which it processes and interprets it to determine how it should respond.
What is the collective term for a response from the nervous system?
A response is collectively known as motor output.
What are the three basic steps of the nervous system?
- Sensory input
- Integration (the process of deciding what should happen).
- Motor output (the response or activation).
What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?
The brain and the spinal cord.
Where is the Central Nervous System located?
The Dorsal Cavity.
Where does the Peripheral Nervous System connect?
The Peripheral Nervous System connects to the Central Nervous System.
What is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system?
It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?
It is made up of nerves extending from the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body.
What do cranial nerves do?
The cranial nerves transmit impulses from the brain.
What do spinal nerves do?
Spinal nerves transmit impulses to and from the spinal cord.
working together, what do the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system do?
They provide sensory, integrative and motor functions to the body.
What are the two functional subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?
- The Afferent division (sensory)
- The Efferent division (motor)
What is afferent division?
This is the carrying of impulses toward the Central Nervous System from the body’s sensory receptors.
What is the purpose of the Afferent Division (Sensory)?
The Afferent division informs the central nervous system of all events happening inside and outside the body.
What is the purpose of the somatic sensory fibres?
They transmit impulses from joints, skeletal muscles and skin.
What is the purpose of visceral sensory fibres?
They transmit impulses from visceral organs of ventral body cavity.
What is the purpose of the efferent division (motor)?
Efferent division carries impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs activating muscles to contract and glands to secrete.
What are the two parts of the motor/ efferent division?
These are the voluntary nervous system as skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and it and the control of the involuntary system such as those involved in reflexes.
What type of nerve fibre does the visceral autonomic nervous system use?
The autonomic nervous system contains visceral motor nerve fibres which regulate glandular, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle activity.
Is the autonomic nervous system under conscious control?
In general no, and is thus sometimes called the involuntary nervous system.
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
- Sympathetic
- parasympathetic.
What is sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system?
Often referred to the fight or flight response, it prepares the body for sudden and intense activity such as responding to a threat.
What is the parasympathetic response?
This response is often referred to as the rest and digest response as it puts the body in a more relaxed state.
