Describe immune and immunoproliferative disorders Flashcards
What is hypersensitivity?
normal but exaggerated or uncontrolled immune response to an antigen that can produce inflammation, cell destruction, or tissue injury.
What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?
Type 1- Anaphylactic reaction
Type 2 Cytotoxic reaction
Type 3- Immune complex reaction
Type 4- T cell dependent
What types of hypersensitivity are antibody mediated?
Type 1, 2, and 3
What type of hypersensitivity is cell mediated?
Type 4
What is an allergy?
an altered reaction to external substances.
Related to atopy, what is immediate hypersensitivity mediated by?
IgE antibodies such as asthma, food allergies, hay fever, and low molecular weight soluble proteins in latex
What is attracted to area of activity by chemotactic factors?
Eosinophils
What are the 3 types of hypersensitivity reactions?
HTRs and HDN
Antibody-dependent, cell mediated cytotoxicity
Antireceptor antibodies
When does a HTR reaction occur?
Delayed = 7 to 10 days after transfusion
what does the repeated exposure of Type 3 lead to?
an insoluble antigen-antibody complex
Type 3 can lead to what common skin conditions?
Allergic vasculitis
Erythema nodosum
Pulmonary reactions of Type 3 can lead to what?
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What is cell mediated immunity moderated by?
the link between t lymphocytes and phagocytic cells
What are monoclonal antibodies?
purified antibodies cloned from a single cell
What are Monoclonal antibodies used for?
the analysis of cell membrane antigens and have single specificity (single epitope)
Single clone of lymphoid (B cell) plasma cells produce higher levels of what?
a single class immunoglobulin called a monoclonal protein, M protein, or paraprotein
an M protein can be what?
benign or malignant
What is the most common plasma cells disorder?
(MGUS) a premalignant precursor or myeloma with which its incidence increases with age.
What is multiple myeloma?
accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow
What does multiple myeloma do to bone marrow?
raise the concentration of plasma cells from 1% to a concentration of 90%
What is the most common form of dysproteinemia?
Multiple Myeloma
what percentage of patients have bone pain with multiple myeloma?
90%
What is the most consistent immunologic feature of multiple myeloma?
immunoglobulin chains of fragments with suppression of synthesis of a normal antibody. the incessant synthesis of a dysfunctional single monoclonal protein
What is considered an important marker of MM?
Bence Jones proteins
In 10% of MM patients, what is produced?
only BJ proteins
What is Waldenstroms primary Macroglobulinemia?
a b cell disorder where infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells into the bone marrow
Who is WM usually found in?
60-64 year olds and have a median survival of 3 years after diagnosis
What does a microscopic exam of bone aspirate reveal?
ragged cytoplasm and stain positive with periodic acid schiff
What do Polyclonal gammopathies consist of?
one or more heavy chain classes and both light chain class types.
