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Hesi > Dermis And Hypodermis > Flashcards

Dermis And Hypodermis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dermis?

A

The middle layer of skin containing collagen, blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings.

Supports and protects the skin and deeper layers, assists in thermoregulation, and aids in sensation.

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2
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

The innermost layer of skin, storing energy and connecting the dermis to muscles and bones.

Insulates the body and protects it from harm.

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3
Q

What are dermal papillae?

A

Protrusions of dermal connective tissue into the epidermal layer.

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4
Q

What do melanocytes produce?

A

Melanin, which is a skin pigment.

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5
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter called sebum.

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6
Q

What are sudiferous glands?

A

Sweat glands found in the dermis that transport secretion to the surface of the epidermis or into a hair follicle.

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7
Q

What are eccrine glands?

A

Sweat glands that are the most numerous and widely distributed over the body.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The dermis connects to the epidermis by means of _____ structures called dermal papillae.

A

wavy

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9
Q

List three accessory structures contained in the dermis.

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Arrector pili muscles
  • Sweat glands
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10
Q

True or False: The dermis is the outermost layer of the skin.

A

False

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the hypodermis?

A

To store energy and insulate the body.

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12
Q

What is the dermis?

A

The middle layer of the integument consisting of loose connective tissue

The dermis houses a number of accessory structures of the skin.

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13
Q

What structures connect the dermis to the epidermis?

A

Wavy structures called dermal papillae

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14
Q

Name three accessory structures found in the dermis.

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
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15
Q

How many hairs does the human body have approximately?

A

About 2.5 million

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16
Q

Where is hair not found on the human body?

A
  • Palms of the hands
  • Soles of the feet
  • Lips
  • Parts of the external genitalia
  • Sides of the feet and fingers
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17
Q

What are the main components that make up hair?

A
  • Keratin for hardness
  • Melanin for color
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18
Q

What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?

A

To move each hair follicle causing it to stand up during sympathetic nervous system activity

19
Q

Where does hair growth begin?

A

At the base of the hair follicle in a structure called the hair bulb

20
Q

What is the hair papilla?

A

A structure that surrounds the hair bulb containing blood vessels and nerves

21
Q

What is the average rate of hair growth per day?

A

About 0.33 mm per day

22
Q

How many hairs do normal adults lose per day?

A

About 50 hairs

23
Q

What condition results in a net loss of hair?

A

Loss of over 100 hairs per day

24
Q

What are the two types of hair?

A
  • Vellus hairs
  • Terminal hairs
25
Q

What is sebum?

A

An oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

26
Q

What triggers the secretion of sebum?

A

Contraction of the arrector pili muscle

27
Q

What are the components of sebum?

A
  • Triglyceride
  • Protein
  • Cholesterol
  • Some electrolytes
28
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A
  • Apocrine sweat glands
  • Eccrine sweat glands
29
Q

True or False: Apocrine sweat glands secrete their substances into the hair follicles.

A

True

30
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands

Apocrine glands secrete into hair follicles, while eccrine glands secrete directly onto the skin surface.

31
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands primarily located?

A

In the axilla and genital regions

Apocrine glands begin to secrete substances at puberty.

32
Q

What can cause odor from apocrine sweat glands?

A

The secretion acts as a nutrient for bacteria

Bacteria enhance the odor from the secretions.

33
Q

What is the primary function of eccrine sweat glands?

A

To help regulate body temperature

Eccrine sweat glands secrete mostly water with trace electrolytes and a peptide with antibiotic properties.

34
Q

What does the sweat produced by eccrine glands consist of?

A

Water, trace electrolytes, and a peptide with antibiotic properties

The primary function is to regulate body temperature through evaporation.

35
Q

What is the visible portion of the nail called?

A

Nail body

The nail body sits over the nail bed.

36
Q

Where does nail growth begin?

A

At the nail root

The nail root is close to the bone.

37
Q

What forms the cuticle of the nail?

A

Eponychium

A portion of the superficial epidermis (stratum corneum) extends over the proximal portion of the nail.

38
Q

What role does the skin play in temperature regulation?

A

It helps keep in heat and facilitates heat loss through sweat

The skin opens sweat pores when the body gets too hot.

39
Q

How does heat move from the body to the surrounding areas?

A

Heat moves along a gradient from warmer to cooler temperatures

Heat can radiate, conduct, convect, or evaporate.

40
Q

What is conduction in the context of heat loss?

A

Heat moves via molecules from the warmer body to cooler objects

An example is leaning against a cooler concrete wall.

41
Q

What is convection in heat loss?

A

Heat moves via air molecules circulating around the body

This process helps cool the body down.

42
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in body temperature regulation?

A

It sets and controls the body’s temperature

The hypothalamus opens and closes sweat glands and controls muscle contractions.

43
Q

What happens when the body’s temperature rises?

A

The hypothalamus sends a message to open sweat glands

Sweat evaporates to cool the body down.

44
Q

What may the hypothalamus signal when the body’s temperature drops?

A

To close sweat glands and contract muscles

This generates heat to help maintain core temperature.

Hesi (8 decks)

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