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Skin/Musculoskeletal Medicine > Dermatomes, Myotomes, Joints > Flashcards

Dermatomes, Myotomes, Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

A unilateral area of skin innervated by the nerve fibers of a single spinal nerve that originated from a single spinal cord segment.

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2
Q

Myotome

A

unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from the fibers conveyed by a single nerve

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3
Q

landmark dermatomes of C5 – C8, T4 and T10, L5, S1 SENSORY NERVES

A 
C 5 - Shoulder
C 6 - Thumb
C 7 - Middle finger
C 8 - Little finger
T 4 - Nipple
T 10 - Umbilicus
L 1 - Groin
L 5 - Medial foot
S 1 - Lateral leg/foot
S 2,3,4 - Anal area
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4
Q

Spinal Nerves Innervating Groups of Muscles

A

(Myotomes

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5
Q

Match the muscle groups with the spinal nerves:

Upper extremity abductors (deltoid, biceps brachii)

Forearm flexors (biceps brachii, brachioradialis) forearm pronators (REFLEX HAMMER)

Forearm extensor (triceps brachii), Wrist extensors, Finger extensors (REFLEX HAMMER)

Intrinsic hand muscles

Thigh flexion (iliopsoas)

Leg extension (quadriceps) (knee jerk REFLEX) PATELLAR

Foot dorsiflexors and Toe extensors (anterior tibial muscles)

Foot plantar flexors and Toe flexors (posterior tibial muscles) (Achilles tendon REFLEX)

Anal contraction

A

C-5

C-5/6

C-7

C-8/T1

L-2

L-3/4

L-4/5

S-1/2

S-2,3,4

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6
Q

What spinal cord segment supplies sensory fibers to the radial (lateral) regions of the hand?

A 
A.	C4
*B.	C6
C.	C8
D.     T2
E.     T4
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7
Q

What spinal cord segment supplies sensory fibers to the (ulnar) medial regions of the hand?

A 
A.	C4
B.	C6
*C.	C8
D.     T2
E.     T4
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8
Q

What spinal cord segment supplies sensory fibers to the dorsum of the foot?

A 
A.	T10
B.	T12
C.	L2
*D.     L5
E.     S1
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9
Q

What spinal cord segment supplies sensory fibers to the lateral side of the foot?

A 
A.	T10
B.	T12
C.	L2
D.     L5
*E.     S1
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10
Q

What spinal cord segment supplies motor fibers to the biceps (flexor) muscles of the upper extremity?

A 
A.	C4
B.	C4/C5
*C.	C5/C6
D.     C7
E.     C8
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11
Q

What spinal cord segment supplies motor fibers to the anterior thigh (quadriceps) muscles of the lower extremity?

A 
A.	T10
B.	T12 to L2
*C.	L3/L4
D.     L5 to S2
E.     S2,3,4
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12
Q

A 21-year-old man is brought to the Emergency Department (ED) from the site of a motor vehicle accident. He is conscious, has facial lacerations, is bleeding from the nose, and has a compound fracture of his humerus. Examination reveals that he is profoundly weak in his left lower extremity, somewhat weak on his left upper extremity, perceives vibration when a tuning fork is applied to his left clavicle, but not to his thumb or below that level. What is the MOST LIKELY location of this lesion?

A 
A.C2
B.C4
*C.C6
D.C8
E.T2
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13
Q

Articulation

A

where two or more bones come together forming a joint

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14
Q

Synarthrosis

A

(together joints)

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15
Q

Syndesmosis

A 
fibrous joint
Suture (On skull)
Interosseous membrane (between Ulna and Radius)
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16
Q

Synchondrosis and Symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint

– a secondary cartilaginous joint composed of fibrocartilage found between the two pubic bones.

17
Q

Synostosis

A

bony joint
- two bones are joined together by bone. The joint may have existed during development and grew as a fibrous (suture) or cartilaginous joint, but was replaced by bone upon cessation of growth. e.g. frontal bones, epiphyseal plate (line)

18
Q

Define the morphological features of a diarthrodial joint?

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

(moveable joints) or synovial joints

  • Synovial space (joint cavity)
  • Synovial fluid
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Synovial membrane or sac
  • Articular surface of hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage
19
Q

Types of synovial or diarthrodial joints

A

Hinge joints

Ball and socket joints

20
Q

Synovial tendon sheaths

A

(serous membranes) consist of an inner layer that is attached to the tendon and is called the visceral layer, and an outer layer that is called the parietal layer. Synovial fluid found within the sac or cavity.

21
Q

Bursae

A

Consists of a closed sac or envelope of serous membrane. CONTAINS SYNOVIAL FLUID

22
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

23
Q

Synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint

24
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

25
Q

Which of the following joint types allow flexion and extension only?

A 
A. Ball and socket joints
*B. Hinge joints
C. Synarthrosis
D. Synchondrosis
E. Syndesmosis
26
Q

Which of the following is referred to as a fibrous joint?

A 
A. Ball and socket joints
B. Hinge joints
C. Synarthrosis
D. Synchondrosis
*E. Syndesmosis
27
Q

Which joint allows movement in many directions?

A 
*A. Ball and socket joints
B. Hinge joints
C. Synarthrosis
D. Synchondrosis
E. Syndesmosis
28
Q

Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint containing the epiphyseal cartilage plates?

A 
A. Ball and socket joints
B. Hinge joints
C. Synarthrosis
*D. Synchondrosis
E. Syndesmosis
29
Q

Bursitis, synovitis and arthritis may occur in which of the following types of joints?

A 
*A. Diarthrodial
B. Synarthrodial
C. Synchondrosis
D. Syndesmosis
E. Synostosis
30
Q

What forms the surface of articular cartilage and gives it a glassy appearance?

A 
A. Bone
B. Fibrous tissue
*C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Ligamentous tissue
E. Synovial membrane
31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a synarthrodial joint?

A

A. A bony union may attach the two bones and eliminate the suture.
B. An epiphyseal plate or growth plate may be present.
*C. A synovial membrane will found at the joint site.
D. Fibrocartilage may join the two bones.
E. Fibrous tissue may be found joining the two bones.

32
Q

What type of joint serves to join the adult flat bones of the skull together?

A 
*A. Fibrous joint
B. Symphysis
C. Synchondrosis 
D. Synostosis 
E. Synovial joint
33
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of all synovial joints?

A 
A. Articular cartilage
*B. Articular disk
C. Joint capsule
D. Joint cavity
E. Synovial membrane
34
Q

What type of joint is found between the vertebral bodies?

A 
A. Fibrous joint
B. Symphysis
*C. Synchondrosis
D. Syndesmosis
E. Synovial joint
35
Q

What type of joint is represented by the interosseous membrane?

A 
A. Diarthroses
B. Gomphosis
C. Synchondrosis
*D. Syndesmosis
E. Synostosis
36
Q

Which of the following is NOT the principal anatomic features of most diarthrodial joints?

A

A. Articular cartilage
B. Fibrous capsule
*C. Muscle tendons in joint space
D. Synovial capsule

37
Q

What is meant by the word arthros?

A

Arthro = Joint

Skin/Musculoskeletal Medicine (10 decks)

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