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Med Student Finals > Dermatology & Plastics > Flashcards

Dermatology & Plastics Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Layers (8)

A 
Epidermis: 
- stratum corneum 
- stratum lucidum (only on palms/soles) 
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum 
- stratum basale 
Dermis 
Subcutaneous layer
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2
Q

Urticaria

Aetiology (3)

A

Infections and parasites
Chemicals: insect bites, latex, drugs (penicillin, contrast)
Foods: nuts, sesame seeds, shellfish

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3
Q

Urticaria

Pathology (1)

A

Local increase in capillary and small venule permeability due to increase in large numbers of inflammatory mediators (mainly histamine) released from mast cells

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4
Q

Urticaria

Signs + symptoms (1)

A

Smooth erythematous itchy hives and wheals

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5
Q

Urticaria

Treatment (2)

A

Anti-histamines

Corticosteroids if severe

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6
Q

Angioedema

Aetiology (3)

A

Foods: nuts, sesame seeds, shellfish, dairy
Drugs: penicillin,contrast
Insect bites

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7
Q

Angioedema

Signs + symptoms (1)

A

Tongue and lip swelling

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8
Q

Angioedema

Treatment (1)

A

Corticosteroids

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9
Q

Erythema Nodosum

Aetiology (4)

A

Inflammatory bowel disease
Strep infection
Malignancy
Sarcoidosis

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10
Q

Erythema Nodosum

Pathology (1)

A

Hypersensitivity response causing inflammation of subcutaneous fat

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11
Q

Erythema Nodosum

Signs + symptoms (2)

A

Discrete tender nodules

Continue to appear for 1-2 weeks before leaving bruise-like discolouration before resolve

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12
Q

Erythema Multiforme

Aetiology (1)

A

Hypersensitivity reaction triggered most often by HSV (or drugs)

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13
Q

Erythema Multiforme

Signs + symptoms (4)

A

Target lesions, round and well defined
On extensor surfaces of peripheries (palms and soles)
Evolve at different stages (mutliform)
Mucosal involvement only if severe (major form)

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14
Q

Erythema Multiforme

Treatment (4)

A

Not required in most cases
Topical steroid may relieve discomfort
Treat cause eg. aciclovir for HSV
Usually resolves spontaneously without scarring within 4 weeks

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15
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Aetiology (1)

A

Drugs: sulfonamides, anti-epileptics, penicillins, NSAIDs

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16
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Signs + symptoms (3)

A

Vague upper respiratory tract symptoms 2-3 weeks after starting drug and approx. 2 days before rash
Rash involves <10% body surface: painful erythematous macules evolving into target lesions
Severe mucosal ulceration of >2 surfaces (eg. conjunctivae, mouth, labia, urethra)

17
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Treatment (4)

A

ICU/HDU/burns unit
IV fluids
IV immunoglobulins
Analgesia

18
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Prognosis (1)

A

> 30% mortality (leads to sepsis and multi-organ failure)

19
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrosis

Aetiology (5)

A 
Sulfonamides
Anti-epileptics 
Penicillins 
Cephalosporins 
Allopurinol
20
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrosis

Signs + symptoms (3)

A

Flu-like prodrome
Skin infection affects >30% of body surface: widespread painful dusky erythema, then necrosis of large sheets of epidermis
Mucosae severely affected

21
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrosis

Treatment (4)

A

ITU/HDU/burns unit
IV fluids
IV immunoglobulins
Analgesia

22
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrosis

Prognosis (1)

A

> 30% mortality

23
Q

Erythroderma

Aetiology (4)

A

Previous skin disease (eczema, psoriasis)
Sulfonamides
Allopurinol
Carbamazepine

24
Q

Erythroderma

Signs + symptoms (3)

A

Widespread erythema and dermatitis affecting >90% of body surface
Scaly, exfoliative skin
Systemically unwell with lymphadenopathy and malaise

25
Q

Erythroderma

Treatment (3)

A

Treat underlying cause
Emollients and wet wraps to maintain skin moisture
Topical steroids

26
Q

Necrotising Fasciitis

Aetiology (2)

A

Type 1: mixture of aerobes and anaerobes

Type 2: group A beta haemolytic strep

27
Q

Necrotising Fasciitis

Pathology (1)

A

Rapidly spreading infection of deep fascia with secondary tissue necrosis

28
Q 
Necrotising Fasciitis
Risk factors (3)
A

Abdo surgery
DM
Malignancy

29
Q

Necrotising Fasciitis

Signs + symptoms (3)

A

Severe pain
Erythematous blistering and necrotic skin
Systemically unwell, fever and tachycardia

30
Q

Necrotising Fasciitis

Treatment (2)

A

Urgent surgical debridement

IV antibiotics

31
Q

Necrotising Fasciitis

Prognosis (1)

A

Up to 70% mortality

32
Q

Erysipelas

Aetiology (1)

A

Strep. pyogenes

33
Q

Erysipelas

Pathology (1)

A

Acute superficial infection of dermis and upper subcut tissue

34
Q

Erysipelas

Signs + symptoms (7)

A 
Sharply defined 
Often affects face 
Erythema
Warmth 
Swelling 
Painful 
Systemically unwell
35
Q

Erysipelas

Treatment (2)

A

Elevate affected part

Benzylpenicillin and flucloxacillin

Med Student Finals (23 decks)

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