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Dermatology > Dermatology Pharmacology and Prescribing > Flashcards

Dermatology Pharmacology and Prescribing Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Who must medication be approved by to be licensed in the UK for dermatology?

A

MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency)

EMA (European Medicines Agency)

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2
Q

What are the different kinds of medicines without liscence?

A
  • Unlicensed
    • Not approved for use in UK
  • ‘Off label’
    • Licensed medication that is being used for an unlicensed indication
  • ‘Specials’
    • Unlicensed dermatological preparations
    • No strong evidence base but clinically effective
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3
Q

What does ‘off label’ medication mean?

A

Licensed medicatio that is being used for an unlicensed indication

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4
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

Is the uses, effects and modes of action of drugs

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5
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The effect of the body on the drug

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6
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

The effect of the drug on the body

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7
Q

What are the 4 things that should be considered in relation to pharmacokinetics? ADME

A

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

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8
Q

What is meant by pharmacodynamics being the effect of the drug on the body?

A

Think about Individual variation in response

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9
Q

What is topical medication?

What does topical medication contain? and what does each mean?

A
  • Medication applied to the skin
  • Vehicle + Active drug

Vehicle: Chemically stable substance that carries the Active Drug

Active drug: the medication you want to deliver

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10
Q

What properties do topical steroids have?

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties:

  • Regulate pro inflammatory cytokines
  • Suppress fibroblast, endothelial and leukocyte function
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Inhibit vascular permeability
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11
Q

What is a ‘finger tip’ unit? useful in …..?

A

About 0.5g

Should be used to treat an area the size of one hand

Useful in young children

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12
Q

What are some systemic treatments used in dermatology?

A
  • Retinoids
  • Traditional immunosuppressants
  • Biologics (also immunosuppressive)
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13
Q

What are retinoids? and what is their effect?

A

These are vitamin A analogues:

They:

  • Normalise keratinocyte function
  • Have Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects
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14
Q

What are retinoids useful to treat?

A
  • Acne
    • Isotretinoin
  • Psoriasis
    • Acitretin
  • Cutaneous T cell lymphoma
    • Bexarotene
  • Hand eczema
    • Alitretinoin
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15
Q

Why must patients be selective careful for retinoids?

A

They are teratogenic : cause birth defects

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16
Q

What are immunosuppressants used to treat?

A

Inflammatory skin disorders

17
Q

What are some examples of immunosuppressants?

A
  • Oral steroids
  • Azathioprine
  • Ciclosporin
  • Methotrexate
  • Mycophenolate mofetil
18
Q

What are the risks of taking immunosuppressants?

A

Malignancy and serious infection

19
Q

What are biologics?

A

They are Genetically engineered proteins derived from human genes, which are designed to inhibit specific components of the immune system.

20
Q

What are the 2 suffixes of biologics?

A

-cept: if ends with cept, it means it is a genetically engineered fusion protein.

-mab : it means Monoclonal antibodies

21
Q

What are some infixes of biologics that immediately preced -mab?

A
  • –zu (humanised)
  • –ix (chimeric)
  • –u (fully human)
  • –li-/-l- (immunomodulatory)

Example: Adalimumab: immunomodulator fully human monoclonal antibodies

Infliximab: immunomodulator chimeric monoclonal antibodies

22
Q

What is a licenced biologic for chronic spontaneous urticarial?

A

Omalizumab

23
Q

What is a licenced biologic for eczema?

A

Dupilumab

24
Q

When taking biologics, what are you at risk of?

A

Risk of infection:

  • TB reactivation
  • Serious infection
  • Avoid live vaccines

Risk of malignancy : not too high risk, but the risk of cancer increases

TNF inhibitors cause risk of demyelination

Dermatology (10 decks)

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