Dermatology - malignant skin conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is this?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name some features of SCCs

A
  • Locally invasice and tend to metastasise to regional LNs and beyond
  • Warty nodule
  • Polypod mass
  • Cutaneous ulcer
  • Fragile tissue with oozing and bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some risk factors for SCCs

A
  • Excessive exposure to sunlight
  • Actinic keratosis and bowen’s disease
  • Immunosuppression: renal transplant/HIV
  • Smoking
  • Longstanding ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment for SCCs?

A
  • Surgical excision: treatment of cjoice
  • Mohs microcraphic surgery: may be necessary for ill-defined, large recurrent tumours
  • Radiotherapy: for large non-resectable tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is this?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name some features of BCCs

A
  • Slow growing locally invasice malignant tumour of teh epidermal keratinocytes normally in older individuals, rarely metastatsises
  • Various morphological types including nodular (most common), superficial (plaque-like), cystic, morpheic (sclerosing), keratotic and pigmented.
  • Nodular: small, skin coloured papule or nodule with surface telangiectasia, pearly rolled edge and may have a necrotic or ulcerated centre
  • Most common over the head and neck
  • Almsot never metastatise but spread by local invasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are BCCs managed?

A
  • Surgical excision: 1st line - allows for histological examination and margins
  • Mohs micrographic surgry: for high risk and recurrent tumours
  • Radiotherapy: where surgery not appropriate
  • Other: cryotherapy, curettage and cautery, topical treatments (eg fluorouracil and imiquimod) - small and low risk lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is malignant melanoma? Name some risk factors

A

-Invasive malignant tumour of the epidermal melanocytes which has the potential to metastasise

Risk factors:

  • Excessive UV exposure
  • Skin type I (always burns, never tans)
  • History of multiple moles or atypical oles
  • Family hustory or previous history of melanoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name some suspicious features which should prompt investigations for melanoma (using ABCDE)

A

-Asymmetrical shape
-Border irregularity
-Colour irregularity
-Diameter > 6 mm
-Evolution of lesions: change in size or shape
-Symptoms: eg bleeding/itching
*More common on the legs in women and trunk in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is this? Name the main features of this condition

A

Superficial spreading melanoma

Features

  • 70% of melanomas (most common in UK)
  • Related to intermittent high intensity UV exposure
  • Arms, legs, back and chest of young people
  • Looks like growing mole with features of ABCDE mentioned previously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is this? Name the main features of this condition

A

Nodular melanoma

Features

  • Second most common
  • Sun exposed areas in middle aged people
  • Related to intermittent high intensity UV exposure
  • Invades from outset
  • Red or black lump or lump that bleeds and oozes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is this? Name the main features of this condition

A

Lentigo malignant melanoma

Features

  • Common on the face (chronically sun exposed areas) in elderly population
  • Slow growing macula with irregular border with a distinct edge and various shaged of tan/brown/black
  • May be confined to epidermis for many years before developing an invasive nodule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is this? Name the main features of this condition

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma

Features

  • Rare
  • Common on the palms, soles and nail beds in elderly population (African-American and Asian)
  • No clear relation with UV exposure
  • Subungal pigmentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outline the management for malignat melanoma

A
  • Definitive treatment: surgical excision
  • Radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy: metastatic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly