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MSK > Dermatology - Basics + Red Scaly > Flashcards

Dermatology - Basics + Red Scaly Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

Altered colour, flat, texture normal

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2
Q

Papule

A

Less than 5mm, raised

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3
Q

Nodule

A

> 5 mm raised

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4
Q

Plaque

A

Altered texture

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5
Q

Vesicles

A

Small blisters

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6
Q

Bullae

A

Large blisters

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7
Q

Pustule

A

Collection of leukocytes

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8
Q

Sclerosis

A

Excess fibrous tissue, loss of elasticity, hair, sweat glands

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9
Q

Lichenification

A

Leathery texture

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10
Q
A

Psoriasis - silvery scales, well circumscribed

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11
Q
A

Psoriasis
Well-circumscribed + silvery

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12
Q

What causes psoriasis?

A

Genetics, triggers = stress, trauma, drugs (B-blockers, lithium)

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13
Q

What is lateral onycholysis + indicative of?

A

Lifting of nail off bed at lateral margins - fairly specific for psoriasis

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14
Q

What phenomenon is this?

A

Koebner phenomenon - psoriasis in damaged areas (e.g. sunburn, scars)

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15
Q

What conditions are associated with psoriasis?

A

Joint disease, eye infections, CVS disease, obesity, HTN, diabetes, depression

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16
Q

What is inverse psoriasis?

A

On the flexures (e.g. in armpits), typically no silvery scale

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17
Q

How to treat psoriasis?

A

mild steroid creams
stronger for short-term use
Ointments
Methotrexate
Biologicals - very restricted use for severe, unresponsive

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18
Q
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

Red, greasy scale. May be itchy

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19
Q

What is the pathology behind seborrheic dermatitis?

A

abnormal inflammatory response to a yeast (Malassezia).

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20
Q

How to treat sebberhoic dermatitis?

A

Topical steroids, antifungals

NB does not cure only suppresses

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21
Q
A

Pityriasis rosea

Arrows = peeling ring of scale

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22
Q

How to treat pityriasis rosea?

A

Normally resolves in about 6 weeks. Normally just one episode.

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23
Q
A

Pityriasis rosea

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24
Q

What is a Herald Patch?

A

A single, larger patch of Pityriasis rosea at the beginning

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25
Q
A

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)

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26
Q
A

DLE

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27
Q
A

Discoid lupus following sun exposure, with hyperpigmentation

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28
Q
A

DLE

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29
Q

How to diagnose DLE?

A

By biopsy (histology + direct immunofluorescence)

ANA negative usually

31
Q

How to treat DLE

A

Steroids e.g. betamethasone

Sun protection +++

Hydroxycholoquine
Topical retinoids

32
Q
A

Scarring alopecia of DLE

33
Q
A

Bowen’s disease (SCC in situ)

34
Q

Where is Bowen’s disease most commonly?

35
Q

Risk of invasive SCC from Bowen’s?

36
Q
A

Fungal infection in scalp –> alopecia

37
Q

In which population. is scalp fungal infection most common?

A

Children 3-7

38
Q
A

Fungal infection

39
Q
A

Fungal infection involving toe

40
Q
A

Fungal infections

41
Q
A

Fungal infection + folliculitis

42
Q
A

Fungal infection

43
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

Inflammatory skin disease involving almost all. ofthe skin. Feel hot, loss of hair, nail changes, fluid loss

Fatal 10-40%, especially elderly

44
Q

What are the most common causes of erythroderma?

A

Eczema, psoriasis, malignancy

45
Q

What is this? what would you want to exclude?

A

Erythroderma.

Biopsy to exclude cutaneous lymphoma.

46
Q

How to treat erythreoderma?

A

Monitor fluid balance, moisturiser, systemic steroid (NOT PSORIASIS - use acitretin instead), methotrexate, azathioprine,

47
Q
A

Asteatotic eczema

48
Q
A

Eczema (discoid)/nummular

49
Q
A

Chronic actinic dermatitis/eczema

PROETCT FROM SUNNNN

50
Q
A

Varicose eczema

51
Q
A

Lichen simplex chronicus

52
Q
A

Dermatitis. When in flexures = intertrigo

53
Q
A

Dermatitis

Can have secondary infection e.g. fungus. orbacteria

54
Q
A

Vesicular dermatitis/dishydrotic eczema

55
Q
A

Atopic dermatitis

56
Q
A

Atopic dermatitis + lichenification

57
Q
A

Atopic dermatitis

58
Q
A

Atopic dermatitis

59
Q
A

Contact irritant dermatitis

60
Q
A

Contact allergic dermatitis

61
Q

What are common allergies?

A

Nickel, fragrances, hair dye etc

62
Q

ADRs steroids. for eczema

A

skin thinning, fragility, rebound symptoms

63
Q

Irregular hyperkeratosis

A

Bowen’s disease

64
Q

Peripheral collarette of scale

A

Pityriasis rosea

65
Q
A

Fissure of discoid eczema

66
Q

Annular

A

= ring shaped, prob fungal

67
Q

DLE is common in…….

A

Maori. +Pacific

68
Q
A

Dermascopic appearance of Bowen’s - irregular clusters of red dots (in psoriasiss it is uniform)

69
Q

How to differentiate eczema + psoriasis on palms

A

Hard! Blisters = eczema, fuzzy borders, papules

Eczema can. be weepy

MSK (7 decks)

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