Dermatology Flashcards
Layers of epidermis
Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale
What scale is used to type skin
Fitzpatrick 1-6
What does SCAM stand form
Site/size/shape & distribution, colour, associated changes and morphology
What is ABCD used for
Pigmented lesions- Asymmetry, border, colour, diameter
What comes under site and distribution
Localised vs generalised. Flexural, extensor, photosensitive.
What comes under configuration
Discrete, confluent, linear, target
What comes under colour
Erythematous, purpuric, brown or black, hypopigmented, depigmented.
What comes under surface feature
Scale, crust, excoriation, erosion
What is the difference between Macule vs Patch
M<1cm
Whats a papule
<1cm, raised
Whats a vesicle
Small, fluid filled blister
What is a pustule
Blister filled with pus
Whats a bulla
Bigger vesicle filled with fluid
Whats a wheal
Where the dermis is affected. Urticaria
Whats annular
Ring-shaped
Whats discoid
Round
What comedone
Open or closed
What causes Onycholysis
Lifting from psoriasis or fungal infection
What causes clubbing
Cancer, lung pathology
What causes fitting
Skin conditions
Functions of the skin
Protective barrier, temperature regulation, sensation, Vit D synthesis, cosmesis, immunosurveillance
What is Erythroderma
Total skin failure, can lead to infection, hypothermia and renal failure, high ouput cardiac failure due to peripheral vasodilation.
Causes of erythroderma
Psoriasis, eczema, drugs, cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Symptoms of erythroderma
Pruritus, fatigue, anorexia, feeling cold
Signs of erythroderma
Erythematous, thickened, inflamed scaly, no sparing.
What are the 4 major cell types of epidermis
Keratinocytes, langerhans, melanocytes, merkel
What are the function of keratinocyte cells
Protective barrier
What are the function of merkel cells
Contain specialised nerve endings for sensation
What are the function of melanocytes
Produce melanin which provides pigment to skin and protects nuclei from UV DNA damage.
What is the composition of the Dermis
Collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans with nerve, immune cells and vessels and lymphatics.
What is the role of the dermis
Strength and elasticity
What is dermatographia
Non pathological, rapid histamine release causing edema in dermal layer of skin.
What stimulates sebaceous glands
Androgen conversion to DIT
What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine
Eccrine: all over. Apocrine: after puberty.
What are the types of hair
Lanugo, vellum, terminal
