Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is atopy?

A

The genetic tendency to develop certain diseases, includes eczema, asthma and hayfever.

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2
Q

What are Fitzpatrick skin types and how does it affect your risk of skin cancer?

A

Type 1-7, where type 1 is white skin that always burns and never tans, and type 7 is black skin that is less likely to burn and tans very easily. People with type 1 are at a much greater risk of developing skin cancer.

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3
Q

How are rashes described?

A

S - site and distribution
C - colour and configuration
A - associated changes e.g. Smooth, scaly, crusty
M - morphology

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4
Q

How are pigmented lesions described?

A

A - asymmetry
B - border
C - colour
D - diameter (>6mm is worrying)

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5
Q

What is hirsuitism?

A

Androgen-related excess hair growth, often seen in PCOS.

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6
Q

What is koilonychia and what causes it?

A

Nail spooning, caused by iron deficiency.

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7
Q

What causes clubbing?

A

Cardio and respiratory conditions as well as many cancers.

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8
Q

Name some words that can be used to describe surface features of dermatology.

A
Scale
Crust
Excoriation
Erosion
Ulceration
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9
Q

Name some words that can be used to describe site and distribution of dermatology.

A

Generalised
Flexural
Extensor
Photosensitive

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10
Q

Name some words that can be used to describe configuration of dermatology.

A

Discrete
Confluent
Linear
Target

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11
Q

Name some words that can be used to describe colour in dermatology.

A

Erythematous
Hyperpigmented
Hypopigmented
Purpuric

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12
Q

What is the difference between a macule and a papule?

A

Both are <5mm, but a macule is flat and a papule is raised.

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13
Q

What is a bulla?

A

A fluid-filled vesicle that is >1cm (very large).

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14
Q

What are the main functions of the skin?

A
  • protective barrier
  • temperature regulation
  • sensation
  • vitamin D synthesis
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15
Q

What is pruritis?

A

Itchy skin

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16
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

Widespread and intense reddening of the skin due to inflammatory skin disease.

17
Q

What are the consequences of erythroderma?

A
  • infection due to loss of barrier
  • problems with thermoregulation
  • cardiac failure due to dilated skin vessels
18
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

Found in the skin, contain specialised nerve endings for sensation.

19
Q

What are the 4 layers of the dermis?

A
  • stratum basale (innermost - basal layer)
  • stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
  • stratum granulosum (granular layer)
  • stratum corneum (horny layer)
20
Q

What are the 2 types of sebaceous glands in the skin that are active after puberty?

A
  • eccrine

- apocrine