dermatology Flashcards
what does acne vulgaris produce?
Produces either open comedones (blackheads) or closed comedones (white heads), inflammatory papules and pustules
how can acne vulgaris be treated?
o Acne soaps o Topical benzoyl peroxide o Topical erythromycin o topical retinoids – tretinoin o 2nd line – trimethoprim o 3rd line- oral retinoids – vitamin A analogues
what is eczema?
Superficial skin inflammation with vesicles, redness, oedema, oozing, scaling and pruritus
what can cause atopic eczema?
- hereditary
- abnormal epithelial barrier function
- loss-of-function mutations in filaggrin
- high serum IgE
what are the clinical features of atomic eczema?
- Itchy, erythematous scaly patches
- In flexures – elbows, ankles, knees, around neck
- Excoriations (scratch marks) and skin thickening (lichenification)
- Hyper- or hypo- pigmentation
how is atopic eczema managed?
- avoid irritants
- emollients
- hydrocortisone
what can contact dermatitis be caused by?
chemical irritant or a type IV hypersensitivity reaction
how does contact dermatitis present clinically?
Rash with clear demarcation/odd-shaped areas
what is the aetiology of psoriasis?
- polygenic
- environmental triggers- group A strep, lithium, UV light
how does chronic plaque psoriasis present clinically?
salmon-pink silvery scaling lesions on extensor surfaces of limbs, with scalp involvement
how is psoriasis managed ?
- emolients
- topical vitamin D analogues- calcipotriol
- salicyclic acid
how are skin ulcers managed?
- treat causes
- nutrition
- 4 layer compression bandage
what are some risk factors of cellulitis?
lymphoedema
venous insufficiency
leg oedema
obesity
what are some clinical features of cellulitis?
erythema, swelling, warmth, tenderness, low-grade fever
how is cellulitis treated?
phenoxymethylpenicillin and flucloxacillin
what is necrotising fasciitis and what is it caused by?
- rapidly progressing infection of deep fascia
- necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
- group A beta-haemolytic strep
how is a basal cell carcinoma treated?
- surgical incision
- radiotherapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy
what is the ABCDE criteria for diagnosing a malignant melanoma?
Asymmetry of mole Border irregularity Colour variation Diameter Elevation
summarise the Glasgow 7 point checklist for a malignant melanoma
major criteria- change in shape/ size/ colour
minor- diameter>6mm, inflammation, oozing/ bleeding, mild itch
what are the 4 clinical types of malignant melanoma?
- lentigo malignant melanoma
- superficial spreading malignant melanoma
- nodule malignant melanoma
- acral lentignous malignancy melanomas
what are some features of acne vulgaris?
- increased sebum production by sebaceous glands
- blockage of pilosebaceous units
- follicular epidermal hyperproliferation
- scarring
- hyperpigmentation
what group of organisms can cause cellulitis?
streptococcus
how is necrotizing fasciitis treated?
- radial debridement
- IV benzylpenicillin and clindamycin
what are some types of skin ulcer?
- venous
- arterial- large/ small
- neuropathic
- vasculitic
- infective- TB/ syphilis
- traumatic
- drug-induced
