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*med3* > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

Skin Epithelial Cells Skin Disorders Pigment Disorders Vascular Lesions Skin Infections Blistering Disorders Hypersensitivity Disorders Skin Cancer Neurocutaneous Disorders

1
Q

What is the largest organ?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the function of skin?

A

Barrier against infection

prevent water loss

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis - keratinocytes (squamous epithelial cells)

Dermis - connective tissue, vessels

Subcutaneous fat - aka hypodermis or subcutis

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4
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

“Come Lets Get Sun Burnt”

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6
Q

what is contained in the stratum basale?

A

basal cells = stem cells that can regenerate the skin

stratum basale is the layer of the epidermis that sit on top of the dermis

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7
Q

what is contained in the stratum spinosum?

A

desmosomes (connect keratinocytes) form spines

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8
Q

what is contained in the stratum granulosum?

A

keratohyalin granules - form keratin filaments

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9
Q

what is the stratum lucidum?

A

clear layer of dead skin cells

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10
Q

what is in the stratum corneum?

A

anucleated cells filled with keratin filaments

*nucleated cells are abnormal

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11
Q

what is contained in the dermis?

A

connective tissues and blood vessels

this is why things that cause leaky vessels affect the dermis not the epidermis

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12
Q

what is hyperkeratosis?

A

Thickening of stratum corneum

excess quantity of keratin

(ex: psoriasis, callus)

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13
Q

What dermatopathology is seen here?

A

hyperkeratosis

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14
Q

What dermatopathology is seen here?

A

parakeratosis

can see nucleated cells in the stratum corneum

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15
Q

What is parakeratosis?

A

hyperkeratosis + retained nuclei in stratum corneum

indicates hyperproliferation

seen in skin diseases (psoriasis) and malignancies

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16
Q

What is Hypergranulosis?

A

increased thickness of stratum granulosum

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17
Q

hypergranulosis is a classic finding in what disorder?

A

lichen planus

18
Q

What is spongiosis?

A

Fluis accumulation (edema) of epidermis

seen in eczema, and other skin condtions

19
Q

What dermatopathology is seen here?

A

spongiosis

20
Q

what holds keratinocytes together?

A

desmosomes

21
Q

retained nuclei iin the stratum corneum indicates what?

A

hyperproliferation - cells are moving up from the basal layer to the stratum corneum before they have lost their nuclei

seen in psorisasis and some malignancies

22
Q

what is acantholysis?

A

loss of connection between keratinocytes - often loss of desmosomes

23
Q

what is the dermatopathology?

A

acantholysis

24
Q

what are the clinical histopathologicial feathures of acantholysis?

A

rounded keratinocytes

detached, floating freely epidermis

**key feature of pemphigus vulgaris

25
Q

acantholysis is classicly seen in what disorder?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

26
Q

What is the dermatopathology?

A

Acanthosis - diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

elongated Rete Ridges

spinous layer thickening

27
Q

what are rete ridges?

A

where the epidermis pokes down into the dermis

they are elongated in acanthosis from spinous layer thickening

28
Q

what forms elongates rete ridges seen in acanthosis?

A

spinous layer thickening

29
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans

A

hyperpigmented (dark) plaques on skin

intertriginous sites (folds)

classically neck and axillae

30
Q

what disease is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

insulin resistance - seen in obesity and diabetes

31
Q

what malignancy is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

32
Q
A

*med3* (21 decks)

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