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Cancer, Skin & Infection > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for BCC?

A

Sun exposure
Fair skin
Xeroderma pigmentosum

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2
Q

What is the typical morphology of BCC?

A

Pink
Pearly
Papule / nodule
Talengetasia

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3
Q

Where on the body are BCCs found?

A

Face, head and neck

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4
Q

Which condition is a precursor to SCC?

A

Actinic Keratosis

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5
Q

What is the typical appearance of actinic keratosis?

A

Scaly plaques
Forehead / face
Rough gritty texture on touch

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for actinic keratosis?

A 
Fair skin
Age
Family history
Sun exposure
Immunosuppression
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7
Q

What is the order of mortality for SCC, BCC and MM?

A

From highest mortality to lowest mortality

MM > SCC > BCC

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8
Q

What is the treatment for SCC?

A

Excision and desiccation

Alternatively: Radiation or 5-FU cream

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9
Q

How do you assess an acquired mole / melanoma?

A

ABCDE

  • Asymmetry
  • Borders
  • Colour
  • Diameter >6mm
  • Evolving

Refer if more than 3

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10
Q

What are the features of MM?

A

Pigmented papules / plaues / nodules

May crust, bleed or erode

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for melanoma?

A 
Family hx
Sun exposure
Tanning booth use
Fair skin/hair/eyes
Old age
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12
Q

What is the glascow 7 criteria for moles and melanomas?

When should one excise a mole?

A

Change in

Major

  1. Size
  2. Shape
  3. Colour

Minor

  1. Diameter >7mm
  2. Inflammation
  3. Oozing / bleeding
  4. Itch / odd sensation

Any lesion with 1 major feature should be considered for EXCISION.

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13
Q

What are the features of Rosacea?

How may you differentiate symptoms and features of Rosacea from SLE?

A

Facial redness
Telangiectasias
Worse with sun, hot spicy foods, alcohol
No comedones (unlike acne vulgaris)

Dx from SLE by

  • Triggers
  • photosensitivity
  • oral ulcers
  • discoid lesions
  • malar rash
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14
Q

Which part of the body does atopic dermatitis spare?

A

The nose

Unlike rosacea or acne vulgaris which does affect nose

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15
Q

What are the features of eczematous lesions?

A 
Itchy
erythematous
cracked and dry
Weeping clear fluid
Scaly
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16
Q

Which sites does eczema affect in todlers and babies?

A

Cheeks
Scalp
Extensor surfaces

17
Q

Which sites does eczema affect children/adolescents?

A

neck
wrists
elbows
ankles

18
Q

Which sites does eczema affect in adults?

A 
hands
wrists
ankles
face
feet
19
Q

Which bacterial infections does actopic dermatitis make people succeptible to?

A

Staph

GAS

20
Q

What is the treatment and management of atopic dermatitis?

A 
Avoid triggers (e.g. dry skin, irritants)
Skin care (tepid baths, mild soaps, moisturisers)
Acute inflammation - topical steroid, antihistamines
21
Q

What is the steps up the steroid cream ladder?

A

HEBD

Hydrocortisone (0.5% or 1%)
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate

22
Q

What are some causes of contact dermatitis?

A

Allergic reaction to an irritant e.g.

  • poison ivy
  • metal (nickel)
  • topical medications
  • cosmetics

Irritating chemicals (not an allergy like the above, everyone will react to these with dermatitis)

23
Q

How is contact dermatitis treated?

A

Low potent steroid on face, higher used elsewhere

Hydrocortisone cream
Eumovate

24
Q

How does seborrheic dermatitis present and where on the body does it usually manifest?

A

Cradle Cap

  • Mild dermatitis caused by fungus
  • Scaly, greasy, flakly, itchy, red skin
  • Sebaceous glands of skin affected such as nasolabial fold, scalp, hairline, eyelids, eyebrows, central face, ear canals, central chest
25
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Low potency topical steroid
or
Anti-fungal preparation

e.g. Daktacort / Ketoconazole cream or shampoo (good for cradle cap)

26
Q

How may you differentiate irritant diaper dermatitis from candidiasis?

A

Fungal candidiasis will have satellite lesions and involves skinfolds

Irritant diaper dermatitis is red, erosional and spares the skin folds, mainly affecting convex areas

27
Q

What is the treatment / management for irritant diaper dermatitis?

A

Barrier creams
Looser nappies / remove nappies
Fix source of problem - i.e. diarrhoea?

28
Q

What is the treatment for urticaria?

What is it usually caused by?

A

Antihistamines

Allergic reaction to meds / insects / foods

29
Q

What is the cause of psoriasis?

A

Immune cells trigger hyperproliferative skin and scale

Triggered by infections, therefore more severe in HIV/Immunocompromised

30
Q

What social factors puts someone at increased risk of psoriasis?

A 
Alcohol
Obesity
Smoking
Depression
Metabolic syndrome
31
Q

What nail changes are present in psoriasis?

A

Onchydodystrophy / Onycholysis
Pitting
Subungual hyperkeratosis

32
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

A

Topical steroids
Calcipotriene (vit D analog)

Can add:

  • phototherapy
  • MTX
  • acetritin
  • cyclosporine

NEVER USE SYSTEMIC STEROIDS!

33
Q

How may you differentiate pemphigus vulgaris and bullous phemphigoid?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris are superficial bullae that rupture easily

Bullous pemphigoid are deep, tense bullae that do not rupture easily

34
Q

What is erythema nodosum and where on the body is it usually seen?

A

Inflammatory condition of the fat cells under skin - tender red nodules or bumps

Often on lower legs, WITHOUT ulceration

35
Q

What is the treatment for erythema nodosum?

A

Treat underlying trigger (infection, abx, OCP, pregnancy) and NSAIDs

36
Q

How may you differentiate Drug Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome from SJS/TEN?

A

Does not involve the mucous membranes (unlike in SJS/TEN)

37
Q

What are some common drugs that cause DIHS?

A

Allopurinol
Antibiotics
Anticonvulsants
nsAids

38
Q

What is the treatment for DIHS?

A

STOP OFFENDING DRUG

Topical steroids and antihistamines

Systemic steroids if severe

Cancer, Skin & Infection (4 decks)

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