Breast

Question 1

What is the most common cause of malignant breast lump?

Answer 1

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Invasive lobular carcinoma

Question 2

Name three causes of benign breast lumps?

Answer 2

Fibroadenoma
Cyst (may be painful)
Abscess (painful, hot and swollen breasts)

Question 3

What may breast dimpling imply?

Answer 3

May imply invasion of cancer into underlying musculature

May imply pulling on ligaments of breast by the cancer

Question 4

What are the three stages of triple assessment?

Answer 4

Clinical examination
Imaging (USS / MMG)
Biopsy (FNA)

Question 5

Triple negative breast cancer is negative for which three immunological markers?

Answer 5

HER2
ER2
PR

Question 6

Indications for mastectomy instead of a wide local excision?

Answer 6

Multifocal

Local reoccurrence after wide local excision

Invasive cancer of >4cm

Question 7

What class of drug is tamoxifen and what are the side effects?

Answer 7

Anti-estrogen

Increased risk of DVT
Menopausal symptoms
Endometrial thickening (polyps, hyperplasia, cancer)
Cataracts

Question 8

What is lactational mastitis?

What is it caused by?

Answer 8

inflammatory condition of the interlobular connective tissue that affects 10% of breastfeeding women. The main underlying cause is milk stasis caused by overproduction or insufficient removal of milk. It may be infectious (retrograde spread of commensal organisms via a milk duct or a traumatised nipple) or non-infectious

Question 9

What factors predispose someone to lactational mastitis?

Answer 9

Baby not attaching to breast
Nulliparity
Tight bra
Use of dummy or bottle

Question 10

Which antibiotics are preferred in breast feeding mothers?

Answer 10

Penecillins

Question 11

What are Montgomery tubercles?

Answer 11

sebaceous glands in the areola around the nipple. They are a normal finding, but may become more pronounced during pregnancy.