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(***) (U-World) All Subjects > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

The most common metastatic tumors to the brain are lung cancer, renal cancer, and _________, which is a malignancy of melanocytes that are embryogically derived from the _______ cells

A

Melanoma

Neural crest

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2
Q

sebaceous glands responsible for inflammatory acne are a type of ______ exocrine gland, which produce lipid rich secretory product by lysis of the cell membrane and release of cytoplasmic contents

_____ glands release a watery secretory product with no loss of cell membrane

_____ glands release membrane bound vesicles containing the secretory product

A

Holocrine

Merocrine

Apocrine

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3
Q

young boy with severe photosensitivity, poikiloderma, hyperpigmentation in sun exposed areas and SCC of the skin has _______, which is an AR disorder characterized by defects in __________, causing a deficiency in UV-specific _________

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

nucleotide excision repair

endonuclease

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4
Q

________ are dendritic cells found in the skin that act as APCs. These cells are derived from the myeloid cell line and they possess characteristic _______ intracytoplasmic granules known as Birbeck granules

A

Langerhans cells

racquet shaped

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5
Q

________ are formed in DNA as a result of UV light exposure. A specific endonuclease complex initiates the process of repair by _________ the damaged strand on both sides. The damage segment is then excised and repalcement DNA is synthesized by DNA polymerase

A

Pyrimidine dimers

nicking

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6
Q

patient presents with bleeding gums, petechia, ecchymoses, poor diet =

caused by a lack of vitamin ______ that acts as cofactor for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen.

process occurs in the _____

A

Scurvy

C

RER

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7
Q

_______ have nevus cells limited to the dermal/epidermal junction

_______ have both dermal and epidermal involvement

A

junctional nevi

Compound nevi

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8
Q

The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome occurs in infants and children due to the production of the ______ exfoliatin, which causes widespread epidermal sloughing especially with gentle pressure (Nikolsky’s)

A

exotoxin

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9
Q

________ causes hair loss at the anterior scalp and vertex. It shows polygenic inheritance with DHT being the primary pathogenic factor. __________ such as finesteride decrease the conversion of testosterone to DHT and are effective for treating the condition

A

androgenic alopecia

5a reductase inhibitors

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10
Q

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, and ganciclovir are all nucleoside analogues that require herpes viral and cellular kinases for active conversion. Cidofovir, tenofovir, zidovudine, lamivudine require only ______ for activation

A

cellular kinases

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11
Q

immunosuppressed AML patient with fever and ecthyma gangrenosum, bacteria involved =

type of toxin =

A

Pseudomonoas aeruginosa

exotoxin

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12
Q

recurrent severe viral fungal or opportunistic (Pneumocystis) infections, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea =

due to a genetic defect in ________ which leads to dysfunction in B cells

A

SCID

T cell development

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13
Q

candidal antigen skin test is used to determine the presence of _______ immunity through detection of a delayed type HS reaction (Type ____). The cells involved are CD4+, CD8+, and ______

A

T cell mediated

IV

macrophages

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14
Q

______ frequently indicate a deep hemorrhage (hematoma) due to bony fracture, ligamentous rupture, or muscular injury

A

Ecchymoses

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15
Q

_______ contains dihydrouridine, ribothymidine, pseudouridine and has a _____ sequence at its 3’ end that is used as recognition sequence by proteins.

A

tRNA

CCA

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16
Q

alcoholic with photosensitive dermatitis diarrhea and dementia =

due to vitamin ________ deficiency, which is a cofactor for many dehydrogenase enzymes (isocitrate)

Succinate dehydrogenase uses _____ as a cofactor

A

pellagra

B3 (niacin)

riboflavin

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17
Q

treatment of psoriasis includes ___________ like calcipotriene, calcitriol, and tacalcitrol to bind to the nuclear receptor and inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and stimulate keratinocyte differentiation

A

topical Vitamin D analogs

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18
Q

toddler, easy bruising, open wounds, difficult to suture, fragile skin, hyperexnsible skin, umbilical hernia, defect in extracellular processing of collagen =

impaired _____ polypeptide removal

A

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

N terminal

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19
Q

painful subcutaneous nodule after laceration and sutures 2 weeks ago most likely a reaction to

A

foreign body (retained suture)

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20
Q

_________ is a deforming infection primarily of the skin and nerves caused by mycobacterium leprae

infection is caused by unhygienic conditions (think 3rd world countries) and be transmitted by ________ is the SW US. Comes in two types:

___________ is the least severe form and is often self limited. Mycobacterial infection is limited by an intact CMI response (Th1). Mild skin plaques, hypopigmentation, hair follicle loss, focally decreased sensation

___________ most severe form occurs in patients with a weak CMI (Th2)

A

Leprosy

armadillos

Tuberculoid leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy

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21
Q

bilateral skin lesions on elbows, very thin stratum granulosum, prominent parakeratotic stratum corneum with occasional foci of neutrophil accumulation =

A

Psoriasis

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22
Q

________ is characterized by autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes along the BM of the dermal-epidermal junction. This causes the entire epidermis to separate form the dermis, forming tense subepidermal blisters

in contrast, __________ has autoantibodies (Desmoglein 3 & 1) against desmosomes, intraepidermal cleavage, flaccid bullae, and acantholysis with characteristic tombstone cells on basal layer

A

Bullous pemphigoid

pemphigus vulgaris

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23
Q

__________ is a major pathogen in burn patients. Only a piperaillin, ticarcillin, ________, and ______ have activity against it. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and carbapenems are also effective

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

cefazidime, cefepime

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24
Q

________ is used for treatment of dermatophytosis. It inhibits synthesis of fungal membrane ergosterol by suppressing the enzyme _________

A

Terbinafine

squalene epoxidase

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25
Q

accessory nipples are failed regression of the __________ in utero. They are usually asymptomatic but can become tender along with breast tissue during times of hormone fluctuation

A

mammary ridge

26
Q

______ is a protein kinase involved in the activation of signaling pathways for melanocyte proliferation. V600E mutation is seen in 40-60% of patients with melanoma

A

BRAF

27
Q

keloids are a result of ________ during the remodeling phase of wound healing. They present as raised, painful, pruritic nodules that grow beyond the wound broders

A

excessive collagen formation

28
Q

_________ are small red cutaneous papules common in aging adults. They do not regress spontaneously and increase in number with age. Due to proliferation of capillaries and post capillary venules in the papillary dermis

A

Cherry hemangiomas

29
Q

______ is a common condition characterized by the loss of epidermal melanocytes

A

Vitilligo

30
Q

_______ disease can occur following transplantation or organs rich in lymphocytes (liver). T lymphocytes found in the donor organ become sensitized against MHC antigens of the recipient and subsequently attack the hosts tissues.

A

Graft vs host

31
Q

Pitriasis versicolor, aslo called tinea versicolor, is characterized by hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules or pathes on the skin. This are visible after extensive _______exposure and are caused by _____ species yeasts. The fungi looks like spaghetti and meatballs on KOH prep

A

sun

Malassezia

32
Q

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder of childhood. Occurs in response to environmental antigens and is associated with ectopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and ______

A

asthma

33
Q

older AA gentleman with T2DM, several tan brown stuck on round lesions that are well demarcated on ack =

contain ________ cysts

A

Seborrheic keratosis

keratin containing

34
Q

acute allergic contact dermatitis is caused by ______ HS reaction. Findings include red, papulovesicular weeping lesions. Histology is characterized by edema in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis called

A

Type IV

spongiosus

35
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by red pruritic papules, vesciles, and bullae that appear bilaterally and symmetrically on the extensor surfaces. Strongly associated with _______, which is characterized by increased intraepithelial lymphocytes

A

celiac disease

36
Q

______ is critical for fibroblast migration and proliferation. increased activity is responsible for keloids

A

TGF-B

37
Q

a unilateral vesicular rash localized on a single dermatome in an elderly patient is most likely ______. Postherpetic _______ is the most common neurologic complication of varicella zoster virus infection

A

herpes zoster

neuralgia

38
Q

_________ is a cell mediated inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by erythematous circular papules that evolve into target lesions. It is most commonly associated with _________

A

Erythema multiforme

herpes zoster

39
Q

unilateral vesicular rash in an older patient =

pathology is

A

varicella zoster

multinucleated cells with intranuclear inclusions

40
Q

local cutaneous adverse effects of chronic topical corticosteroid use include _______ of the dermis

A

atrophy/thinning

41
Q

________ or breslow thickness is the most important prognostic indicator in malignant melanoma

A

depth of invasion

42
Q

photoaging of skin is due to __________

A

decreased collagen fibril

43
Q

____________ is an autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of immunodeficiency, albinism, and neurologic defects and is diagnosed in childhoold. Nystagmus, peripheral and cranial neuropathies are common. Immunodeficiency results from a defect is neutrophil phagosome lysosome fusion

A

Chediak Higashi syndrome

44
Q

poison ivy dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis caused by ururshiol. This is a _______ HS reaction mediated primarily by ________

A

Type IV

T cells

45
Q

unvaccinated immigrant, rash that begins on the face, spreads to the trunk quickly with postauricular and occipital LAD =

type of virus =

if slow spread and darkening/coalesce rash =

A

Rubella

togavirus

rubeola

46
Q

common complications of psoriasis include ______ nail pitting, and uveitis

A

psoriatic arthritis

47
Q

patient with acute pruritus following administration of morphine most likely has medication induced ______________, which can also be triggered by radiocontrast agents, Abx (vancomycin)

A

IgE independent mas cell degranulation

48
Q

2 month history of skin rash that worsens with sun exposure, lately hostile, irritable, disorientation episodes, alcoholic, poor diet and intermittent diarrhea =

can be synthesized endogenously from

A

pellagra due to niacin deficiency

tryptophan

49
Q

spliceosomes remove introns containining ____ at the 5’ splice site and ____ at the 3’ splice site.

A

GU

AG

50
Q

a bluish tumor lesion under the nail =

normally functions in

A

benign glomus tumor (glomangioma)

thermoregulation

51
Q

________ on the Achilles are suggestive of hyperlipidemia

A

Xanthomas

52
Q

Urticaria is a transient hypersensitivity reaction characterized by pruritic erythematous plaques that arise suddenly and resolve over hours. Seen in penicillin allergy. Caused by IgE mediated mast cell degranulation, leading to

A

edema of the dermis

53
Q

cat scratch disease due to ________ presents with tender regional LAD proximal to the lesion (axillary is common). This bug also causes _________

A

Bartonella henselae

bacillary angiomatosis and culture negative endocarditis

54
Q

Axillary lymph node dissection is a risk factor for the development of chronic lymphedema involving the ipsilateral arm. Predisposes the patient to _______, which presents as multiple firm violaceous nodules

A

angiosarcoma

55
Q

________ develops on chronically sun exposed areas as a whitish scale that has sandpaper like texture and can form cutaneous horns. This is regarded as premalignant condition to SCC

A

Actinic keratosis

56
Q

fever, malaise, and maculopapular rash that includes palms and soles =

serum added to mix of cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol with extensive flocculation seen =

A

syphilis

RPR test

57
Q

Lepromin skin test will be positive in patients with _________ as they exhibit strong CD4 Th1 immune response with increased IL2 and IFNy in lesions.

A

Tuberculin

58
Q

Vitamin C also called

A

Ascorbic acid

59
Q

flaccid bullae =

A

pemphigus vulgaris

60
Q

Xanthelasma, a yellowish eyelid plaque with lipid laden macrophages occurs in association with hyperlipidemia. It has association with ______ as well

A

cholestatic condtaions

61
Q

acanthosis nigricans presents with thickening and hyperpigmentation of skin in the flexural areas. The lesions have a classic velvety texture, and are commonly associated with ___________ states and GI malignancies

A

Insulin resistant

(***) (U-World) All Subjects (20 decks)

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