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Therapeutics I > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis

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2
Q

What layer do most dermatological conditions present in?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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3
Q

What are the terms for a flat, nonpalpable change in skin color?

A

Macule (small)

Patch (big)

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of elevation from fluid in a cavity?

A

Vesicle (small)
Bulla (big)
Pustule (pus-filled)

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5
Q

What layer of skin has the blood supply?

A

Subcutis

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6
Q

How is cellulitis treated?

A

With antibiotics–topicals can’t penetrate deeply enough

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7
Q

What are the terms for elevated palpable solid masses?

A

Papule (smaller)
Plaque (larger)
Wheal (even bigger)

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8
Q

What is the difference between a nodule and a tumor?

A

Nodule doesn’t penetrate the skin

Tumor penetrates the skin

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9
Q

What are the two types of secondary lesions?

A

Material on skin surface

Erosion of skin surface

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10
Q

What is erosion?

A

Top layer eroded away

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11
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Deeper penetration into skin than ulcer

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12
Q

What is excoriation?

A

Line that looks like dried erosion

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13
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Large tracks, deeper lesions

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14
Q

What are the 3 secondary lesions found on the skin surface?

A

Scale
Crust
Keloid

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15
Q

What are the 4 vascular lesions?

A

Cherry angioma
Telangiectasia
Petechiae
Ecchymosis

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16
Q

What is a cherry angioma?

A

Benign red area

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17
Q

What is telangiectasis?

A

Center w/spiderweb presentation from ruptured microvessels

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18
Q

What arre petechia?

A

Subcutaneous hemorrhages

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19
Q

What is ecchymiosis?

A

Larger area of subcutaneous hemorrhages

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20
Q

What dosage form is the most hydrating?

A

Ointment

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21
Q

What dosage form has the best bioavailability of the active ingredient?

A

Ointment

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22
Q

What are the 4 main properties of ointments?

A

Occlusive (water retention from hydrophobic barrier)
Humectant (water retention from hygroscopic properties)
Emollient (softens and soothes skin)
Protective

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23
Q

What is the biggest disadvantage of ointments?

A

Greasy–poor patient acceptance

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24
Q

Where is an ointment used?

A

Smooth skins w/short or sparse hair

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25
Q

How are creams and ointments applied?

A

Based on fingertip units–0.5 gram of cream or ointment on the end of the finger

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26
Q

Do ointments or lotions/solutions require less for effectiveness?

A

Ointments

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27
Q

Are creams/lotions water-removable?

A

Yes

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28
Q

Do ointments or creams need to be administered more frequently?

A

Creams

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29
Q

What are the formulations of creams/lotions?

A

Oil-in-water emulsions OR aqueous microcrystalline dispersions of long fatty acids or alcohols

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30
Q

Lotion is essentially watered-down ___?

A

Cream

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31
Q

Gel is a ____ system consisting of either suspensions made up of _____ particles or _____ interpenetrated by a liquid

A

semi-solid; small inorganic; large organic molecules

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32
Q

Where are gel, lotions, solution, and foam used?

A

Hair bearing skin (scalp, very hairy men)

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33
Q

What’s the biggest disadvantage of gel?

A

Drying—NOT for use if skin needs hydration

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34
Q

What are disadvantages of lotions, solutions, and sprays?

A

They are drying and have lower bioavailability

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35
Q

Can lotions, solutions, and spray be used on the face?

A

yes

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36
Q

What are the properties of an oleaginous base?

A

Absorbs no water

Not water washable

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37
Q

What are 3 examples of oleaginous bases?

A

White Petrolatum*
Vaseline
Plastibase

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38
Q

What are the properties of absorption bases?

A

Can absorb lots of water

Not water washable

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39
Q

What are 3 absorption bases?

A

Aquaphor
Aquabase
Polysorb

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40
Q

What are water-in-oil emulsion base properties?

A

Absorb less water than absorption

Not water washable

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41
Q

What are 3 examples of water-in-oil emulsion bases?

A

Nivea, Eucerin, Hydrocerin

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42
Q

What are oil-in-water emulsion base properties?

A

Water washable

Add water = lotion

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43
Q

What are examples of oil-in-water bases?

A 
Hydrophilic ointment
Dermabase
Hydrocerin
Unibase
Cetaphil Lotion
Vanicream
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44
Q

What are the properties of water soluble bases?

A

Water washable
Minimal therapeutic effect
Primarily used for drug delivery

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45
Q

What is the water soluble base?

A

Polyethylene Glycol

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46
Q

What are the 3 types of hypersensitivity/allergic dermatologic reactions?

A

Rash
Hives
Scarlet Fever

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47
Q

What are characteristics of a rash from drugs?

A

Macular or popular
Diffuse
Bilateral
Itching

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48
Q

What differentiates hives from a rash?

A

Hives may be slightly raised and affect larger areas than rash

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49
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A

A systemic infection that causes dermatologic lesions

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50
Q

How do you treat allergic/hypersensitivity drug reactions?

A
  1. stop the drug
  2. Systemic antihistamine
  3. Systemic/topical corticosteroids
  4. Soothing baths/soaks
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51
Q

How do you prevent photosensitivity reactions?

A

SPF >30 sunscreen

Protective clothing

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52
Q

How do you treat photosensitivity reactions?

A 
Systemic analgesics
Systemic antihistamine
Prevent infections--no scratching
Moisturizers
Cooling creams and gels (Aloe)
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53
Q

What are the two toxic dermatologic reactions to medications?

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

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54
Q

What causes SJS and TEN?

A

Drug protein complex reaction activates T cells, which migrates to the dermis and releases cytokines

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55
Q

What are the characteristics of TEN and SJS?

A

Epidermal detachment

Erosive mucosal lesions

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56
Q

What drugs cause SJS/TEN?

A 
Sulfonamides
Cephalosporins
Penicllins
Flouroquinolones
Anticonvulsants
Allopurinal
NSAIDs
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57
Q

What class of drugs is most closely associated with SJS/TEN?

A

Anticonvulsants

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58
Q

How do you treat SJS/TEN?

A 
STOP DRUG
IV fluids/nutrition
Pain control
Eye care, nasal saline--keep mucous membranes moist
Oral hygiene and anesthetic
Topic antiseptics
Wound care
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59
Q

How quickly will SJS/TEN occur within starting treatment?

A

In first 4 weeks

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60
Q

What are the systemic symptoms of SJS/TEN?

A

Flu-like (prodromal NVD, myalgias, sore throat, arthralgia) + Rash

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61
Q

What does full thickness epidermal detachment increase the risk of?

A

infection

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62
Q

Cellulitis: Treat or Refer?

A

Refer

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63
Q

Cellulitis treatment?

A

Oral antibiotics (IV if severe)

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64
Q

Impetigo: Treat or Refer?

A

Refer

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65
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Staph skin infection

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66
Q

Impetigo treatment?

A

topical or oral antibiotics (depending on diffuse or localized)

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67
Q

Does impetigo spread?

A

Yep

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68
Q

What does impetigo look like?

A

Circular areas, often on face, that scab over

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69
Q

Candida: Treat or refer

A

Refer

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70
Q

Candida treatment?

A

Topical antifungals

Dry affected areas

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71
Q

What population is candida infection common in?

A

Moist areas, humid conditions

Obese

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72
Q

Tinea pedis: Treat or Refer?

A

Treat

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73
Q

How do you treat tinea pedis?

A

Topical antifungals

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74
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

Athlete’s foot

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75
Q

Tinea corporis: common name?

A

Body ring worm

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76
Q

Tinea corporis: Treat or refer?

A

Treat

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77
Q

How do you treat tinea corporis?

A

Topical antifungals

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78
Q

What does tinea corporis look like?

A

Small, circular, red scaly areas (always round)

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79
Q

Head lice: treat or refer?

A

Refer

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80
Q

What age group gets head lice most often?

A

3-12 year olds

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81
Q

How do you treat head lice?

A

Permethrin 1%
Malathion
Oral/topical Ivermectin
Spinosad

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82
Q

What can be done to prevent recurring head lice?

A

Washing everything in the house–bed linens, clothes, etc

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83
Q

What is scabies?

A

Mite infestation

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84
Q

How does scabies present?

A

Mites burrow under skin and create red bumps–often in a line

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85
Q

Scabies: Treat or refer?

A

Refer

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86
Q

What is a major symptom of scabies?

A

Extreme pruritus

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87
Q

How do you treat scabies?

A

Permethrin 5%
Crotamiton
Oral Ivermectin (widespread)

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88
Q

When is herpes zoster contagious?

A

When blisters are present

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89
Q

What is the major symptom of shingles?

A

Major pain along dermatome (nerve)

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90
Q

What is the normal progression of shingles?

A

Tender red papules to scabs

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91
Q

Shingles: Treat or Refer?

A

Refer

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92
Q

What is treatment for shingles?

A

Oral valacyclovir or famciclovir
Manage acute pain and postherpetic neuralgia (oral opioids, gabapentin for PHN, lidoderm patches once lesions have healed)

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93
Q

Difference between BCC and SCC in appearance?

A

BCC is not eroded, SCC is eroded

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94
Q

Which skin cancer is the deadliest?

A

melanoma

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95
Q

What is xerosis?

A

Dry skin

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96
Q

Who is at risk for xerosis?

A

Elderly and frequent bathers (esp in warm, dry environments)

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97
Q

Treatment options for xerosis?

A

Emollients–for itching, restores barrier and skin function
Agents for itching
Alter bathing habits

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98
Q

Best bathing habits to prevent xerosis?

A

No more than 3 times a week for 3-5 minutes at a time at a temperature 3 degrees above body temperature

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99
Q

What should someone do after bathing?

A

Pat dry
Apply emollient within 3 minutes
Apply emollient 3 times throughout the day

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100
Q

What are some common emollients?

A 
Vaseline
kivea
Keri
lubriderm
AmLactin
Eucerin
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101
Q

What are the 4 topical agents to reduce itching?

A

Menthol and camphor
Pramoxine
Aluminum Acetate
Hydrocortisone

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102
Q

Menthol and camphor do what?

A

Create sensation of cooling

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103
Q

What does pramoxine do?

A

Local anesthetic

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104
Q

What does aluminum acetate do?

A

Alter C-fiber nerve transmission

105
Q

What does hydrocortisone do?

A

Anti-inflammatory

106
Q

What are the characteristics of acute dermatitis?

A

Red patches/plaques
Pebbly surface or blisters
Itching

107
Q

What are the characteristics of subacute dermatitis?

A

Dry
less red
Crusting, oozing
Mild thickening

108
Q

What are the characteristics of chronic dermatitis?

A 
Epidermal thickening
Exaggerated skin markings
Lichenificatin
Scaling
Less itching
109
Q

What is the main symptom of acute contact dermatitis?

A

Itching

110
Q

What are the two types of acute contact dermatitis?

A

Allergic and irritant

111
Q

What is the itch-scratch cycle?

A

Irritation causes inflammation which causes itching which leads to scratching which causes more inflammation

112
Q

Is irritant contact dermatitis immunologic?

A

No

113
Q

How long does dermatitis occur after exposure to poison ivy?

A

24 to 48 hours

114
Q

How long does dermatitis occur after exposure to an irritant?

A

Within a few hours

115
Q

When can you use topical therapy to treat poison ivy?

A

If <10% BSA involved

116
Q

When does poison ivy need to be referred?

A

If over a large area

117
Q

What are some poison ivy treatment options?

A

Soaks
Calamine lotion
Topical/oral antihistamines
Topical/oral corticosteroids

118
Q

What type of lesions are soaks best used for?

A

Oozing, weeping, crusting lesions

119
Q

What goes in a soak?

A

Domeboro
Acetic acid
Saline
Water

120
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Anti-inflammation
Anti-pruritic
Suppress immune response

121
Q

How often should topical corticosteroids be applied?

A

2 to 4 times a day for 3-14 days

122
Q

How are corticosteroids classified?

A

Anti-inflammatory activity (Grade 1 = high, Grade 7 = low)

123
Q

What can be done to increase penetration of corticosteroids?

A

Occlusion–plastic wrap and T-shirt, increase penetration x10

124
Q

What are side effects of topical corticosteroids?

A 
Thinning of skin
Dilated blood vessels
Bruising
Skin color changes
Risk of HPA suppression (long-term, high potency agents)
Tolerance
125
Q

What are low potency corticosteroids?

A

Hydrocortisone

Desonide

126
Q

What are mid-potency corticosteroids?

A

Betamethasone
Triamcinolone
Mometasone

127
Q

Where can mid-potency corticosteroids be used?

A

Most skin surfaces for exacerbations (short term)

Avoid face

128
Q

Where can high/very high potency corticosteroids be used?

A

NOT on face

129
Q

How long can high potency topical corticosteroids be used?

A

2 weeks max

130
Q

How many grams per week of topical corticosteroids can be applied?

A

50 grams

131
Q

When are high potency corticosteroids used?

A

Psoriasis

132
Q

What are high potency topical corticosteroids?

A

Fluocinolide
Halobetasol
Clobetasol

133
Q

What potency of corticosteroids are calcineurin inhibitors equivalent to?

A

mid-potency

134
Q

How do calcineurin inhibitors work?

A

Block pro-inflammatory cytokine genes

135
Q

What is the side effect assoiated with topical calcineurin inhibitors?

A

Burning

136
Q

Where can topical calcineurin inhibitors be used?

A

Anywhere

137
Q

What is the black box warning for calcineurin inhibitors?

A

increased risk of infection <2 yo

Risk of malignancies

138
Q

Can calcineurin inhibitors be used chronically?

A

No

139
Q

What is crisaborole ointment?

A

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

140
Q

What is crisaborole ointment used for?

A

Mild or Moderate Acute dermatitis

141
Q

How is crisaborole dosed??

A

twice a day for 28 days

142
Q

What systemic therapy can be used for acute dermatitis?

A

Corticosteroids
Non-sedating antihistamines
Sedating anthistamines

143
Q

What dosing for corticosteroids?

A

Prednisone 40-60 mg per day, taper every 3 days x 10-14 day minimum

144
Q

What are the non-sedating antihistamines?

A

loratidine
Desloratidine
Fexofenadine

145
Q

What are the sedating antihistamines?

A

Diphenhydramine
Cetirizine
hydroxyzine
Doxepine (Rx)

146
Q

What is the most common form of eczema?

A

Atopic dermatitis

147
Q

When does atopic dermatitis usually present?

A

Infancy

148
Q

What is the atopic triad?

A

Atopic dermatitis
Allergic rhinitis
Asthma

149
Q

What are the characteristics of atopic dermatitis?

A 
Pruritis
Red papules/plaques
Scaling excoriations
Dry skin
Redness/inflammation
150
Q

Where is atopic dermatitis located in infants?

A

Face

151
Q

Where is atopic dermatitis located in chidlren?

A

Face, neck, arms, legs

152
Q

Where is atopic dermatitis located in adults?

A

Hands, neck, flexor surfaces of arms and legs

153
Q

What age group has the highest risk of skin infection from atopic dermatitis?

A

Children

154
Q

What are common triggers of atopic dermatitis?

A 
Allergens
Chemicals
Bathing
Detergents*
Smoke
Dust
Infections*
155
Q

What are the steps in managing AD?

A
  1. Non-pharmacological
  2. Topical
  3. Systemic
156
Q

What are the non-pharmacological ways to manage AD?

A

Lukewarm baths, emolients
Eliminate irritants
Bleach baths

157
Q

What topical therapy is used for AD?

A

Topical corticosteroids

Calcineurin inhibitor therapy

158
Q

What systemic therapy is used for AD?

A

Phototherapy
Oral immunosuppressant
Injectable biologic agents

159
Q

What is Dupilumab?

A

Biologic used for moderate-severe AD

160
Q

How is dupilumab administered?

A

300 mg SC q2weks

161
Q

How do bleach baths help with AD?

A

They kill staph to prevent secondary staph infections

162
Q

What causes stasis dermatitis?

A

Poor circulation

163
Q

What are symptoms of stasis dermatitis?

A

Red, scaly, crusted plaques
Swelling/edema
Secondary infection/ulcers
Hyperpigmentation (retention of iron in skin)

164
Q

How is stasis dermatitis treated?

A

Topical corticosteroids (itching)
Emollient
Oral antihistamines
Oral antibiotics for local infections

165
Q

How is edema relieved?

A

Elevate feet/legs
Support stockings
Compressive bandages

166
Q

How is chronic dermatitis treated?

A

Emollients
Avoid long-term corticosteroids
UV light

167
Q

What is the cheapest option for treating dermatitis?

A

Oral corticosteroids

Antihistamines

168
Q

How long does treatment of fungal infections take?

A

4 weeks or longer

169
Q

When should you refer for a fungal infection?

A

Systemic symptoms

Patient is immunocompromised

170
Q

What OTC products treat fungal infections?

A

Miconazole
Clotrimazole
Terbinafine

171
Q

What Rx products treat fungal infections?

A

Nystatin
Ciclopirox
Ketoconazole

172
Q

What does a fungal diaper rash look like?

A

It has satellite lesions

173
Q

How can you treat diaper rashes?

A 
Remove irritant (freq diaper changes)
Air dry
Keep clean
Antifungal/corticosteroids if it's a fungal diaper rash
Protectants!
174
Q

What is seborrhic dermatitis?

A

Erythema (redness) with greasy yellow scaling–itchy

175
Q

Where does seborrhic dermatitis occur?

A

Hairline, scalp, nose, neck, ears, back

176
Q

What is the term for seborrhic dermatitis on infants?

A

Cradle cap

177
Q

How do you treat cradle cap?

A

Baby oil + baby shampoo

178
Q

How do you treat seborrhic dermatitis?

A

Medicated shampoo 2-3 times per week (OTC first, then Rx (higher strengths) if needed)
Topical corticosteroid–low strength

179
Q

What should be used for seborrhic dermatitis on the ears and face?

A

Low strength topical corticosteroid

180
Q

What are some seborrhic dermatitis medicated shampoos?

A

Pyrithione zinc, selenium, ketoconazole

181
Q

What drugs exacerbate acne?

A 
Androgenic steroids
Corticosteroids
Lithium
Anti-epileptics
Tuberculostatic drugs
OCs
182
Q

What is a comedone?

A

Hair follicle plugged with sebum, eratin, and dead skin

183
Q

What causes acne?

A

Keratinous obstruction of sebaceous follicle outlet

184
Q

What bacteria grows in clogged sebaceous glands?

A

Propionibacterium

185
Q

What causes the local inflammation in acne?

A

Bacteria convert TG to FFA

186
Q

What are the non-inflammatory acnes?

A

Whiteheads

Blackheads

187
Q

What are the Inflammatory acnes?

A

Papules
Pustules
Ruptured contents

188
Q

What causes blackheads to be black?

A

Melanin accumulates

189
Q

What are the secondary lesions in acne?

A

Excoriations
Erythematous macules
Hyperpigmented macules
Scars

190
Q

What are options for treating acne scarring?

A

Dermabrasion
Chemical peels
Laser resurfacing

191
Q

What are the goals of acne therapy?

A

Long-term control

Prevent scars

192
Q

What are the four possible mechanisms of acne therapy?

A

Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory
Decreased sebum production
keratolytic/comedolytic

193
Q

Which drug has strong activity in all four MOAs?

A

Isotretinoin

194
Q

How does adapalene work?

A

It is keratolytic/comeodolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory

195
Q

What doe skeratolytic/comeolytic mean?

A

Inhibits development of additional lesions

196
Q

How should ALL patients clean their face?

A

Twice a day with mild face soap, minimize products with irritation, tepid water (NOT HOT)

197
Q

What is the first-choice therapy for comedonal, noninflammatory acne?

A

Topical retinoids (adapalene)

198
Q

What is the first-choice therapy for mild-moderate, papulopustular inflammatory acne?

A

Adapalene + Benzoyl peroxide

Clindamycin + BP

199
Q

What is the first-choice therapy for severe papulopustular or moderate nodular acne?

A

Isotretinoin

200
Q

What is the first-choice therapy for nodular or conglobate acne?

A

Isotretinoin

201
Q

What is first-choice maintenance therapy?

A

Adapalene

202
Q

What MOA is adapalene?

A

Retinoid

203
Q

What MOA is tazorotene?

A

Retinoid

Category X!

204
Q

What MOA is tretinoin?

A

Retinoid

205
Q

What MOA is Azelaic acid?

A

Antibacterial
Keratolytic
(Adjunct only!)

206
Q

what MOA is clindamycin/erythromycin

A

Topical antibiotic

207
Q

What MOA is benzoyl peroxide?

A

Antiseptic
Comedolytic/keratolytic
Anti-inflammatory
(bleaches)

208
Q

What is the least expensive acne treatment?

A

Topical retinoid

209
Q

What is the most expensive acne treatment?

A

Isotretinoin, anti-androgens, tazarotene

210
Q

Which acne treatment has the most adverse effects?

A

Tretinoin

211
Q

Why is adapalene ideal treatment?

A

It has minimal adverse effects

212
Q

What are the potential adverse effects associated with acne treatments?

A 
Erythema
Scaling
Burning
Flare
Resistance
213
Q

Which class of drugs can cause resistance?

A

Antibiotics

214
Q

What are the 2 combo products?

A

Clindamycin + BP

Adapalene + BP

215
Q

When is an oral antibiotic most effective?

A

When inflammation is present

216
Q

What do oral antibiotics do for acne?

A

Decrease bacteria and inflammation

217
Q

What is done to limit resistance of oral antibiotics?

A

Limit treatment to 6 weeks

Rotate antibiotics

218
Q

What oral antibiotics are used to treat acne?

A 
Minocycline
Doxycycline
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
TMP/SMZ
219
Q

What are side effects of oral tetracyclines?

A

Photosensitivity
Interact with OCs
Don’t take with dairy/antacids

220
Q

When should oral tetracyclines NOT be used?

A

In pregnancy–cause discoloration of teeth

221
Q

Who is hormone treatment used for?

A

Females who’s acne flares during menstrual cycle–decrases androgen production

222
Q

What low-dose OCs are used for acne?

A

Ortho-Tri-Cyclen

Estrostep

223
Q

How do OCs prevent acne?

A

Non-androgenic progestins

224
Q

What is spironolactone?

A

Hormone treatment–decreases androgen production in males (50-200 mg/day)

225
Q

What are oral corticosteroids used for in acne?

A

Short course for highly inflammatory acne

226
Q

What is isotretinoin derived from?

A

Vitamin A

227
Q

How does isotretinoin work?

A

Reduces sebum production and shrinks sebaceous glands

228
Q

How is isotretinoin dosed?

A

0.5-2mg/kg/day in 2 doses for 15-20 weeks

229
Q

When can a second course of isotretinoin be used?

A

After 2 months off treatment if acne flares

230
Q

What is an important counseling point with patients new to isotretinoin?

A

Acne will get worse before it gets better

231
Q

What are side effects of isotretinoin?

A 
Dry skin, eyes, everything
Photosensitivity
Aches and pains
Elevated AST/ALT
Elevated TGs and cholesterol
CATEGORY X (birth defects)
Mood changes
HA
232
Q

What supplement should be avoided with isotretinoin?

A

Vit A

233
Q

What is the iPLEDGE Program?

A

Program used to ensure female patients are not pregnant when taking isotretinoin–need 30 day supply only with a pregnancy test in between each refill

234
Q

What causes rosacea?

A

Vascular instability

235
Q

What characterizes rosacea?

A

Flushing, facial erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectasia

236
Q

Do men or women get rosacea more?

A

Women

237
Q

What is the most common subtype of rosacea?

A

Telangiectatic

238
Q

What is telangiectatic rosacea?

A

Visibly dilated blood vessels

Very red skin

239
Q

What is papulopustular rosacea?

A

Resembles acne

240
Q

What is phytmatous?

A

Enlarges sebaceous glands
Seen on nose
Males

241
Q

What is ocular rosacea?

A

Watery, bloodshot eyes

242
Q

What classes of drugs trigger rosacea?

A 
Vasodilators*
Topical corticosteroids
Nicotinic acid
ACE inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Statins
243
Q

What is treatment for mild rosacea?

A

Avoid triggers
Topical antibiotics
Topical retinoids

244
Q

What is treatment for moderate rosacea?

A

Oral antibiotics

Topical retinoids

245
Q

What is treatment for severe rosacea?

A

Oral isotretinoin

Laser treatments

246
Q

What is the preferred topical antibiotic for rosacea?

A

Metronidazole (some burning/stinging, BID)

247
Q

What are the topical antibiotics for rosacea?

A

Metronidazole
Clindamycin
Sulfacetamide and Sulfur

248
Q

What does azelaic acid do?

A

Antibacterial
Comedolytic
anti-inflammatory
Better absorbed as Gel for Rosacea than acne formulation

249
Q

What does brimonidine do?

A

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (vasoconstriction) for facial erythema
Cosmetic only!

250
Q

What dosage forms does brimonidine come in?

A

Gel and ophthalmic drops (for ocular rosacea)

251
Q

When is isotretinoin used for rosacea?

A

Rarely–only VERY severe cases

252
Q

What is the lowest cost rosacea treatment?

A

Oral antibiotics

253
Q

What causes psoriasis?

A

T-lymphocytes cause keratinocyte proliferation–7x more rapid skin growth than normal

254
Q

Symptoms of psoriasis?

A

Thickened, red patches covered by silvery-white scales

255
Q

What does the early stage of psoriasis look like?

A

not scabby/scaly–more like rash

256
Q

What is plantar psoriasis?

A

On the bottom of the foot

257
Q

What is psoriatic arthritis?

A

Rash on joints, follow by arthritic pain

258
Q

What is guttate psoriasis?

A

Usually in children/young-adults

Small, pink/red spots on trunk, upper arms, thighs, scalp

Therapeutics I (9 decks)

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