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AGNP > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

primary skin lesion

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2
Q

Papule

A

primary skin lesion

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3
Q

Umbilicated

A

primary skin lesion

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4
Q

Pustule

A

primary skin lesion

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5
Q

Patch

A

primary skin lesion

> 1 cm flat nonpalpable area of skin discoloration, larger than macule.

ex: vitiligo

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6
Q

Plaque

A

Primary skin lesion

> 1 cm raised lesion, same or different color from surrounding skin, can result from a coalescence of papules

ex: psoriasis vulgaris

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7
Q

Bulla

A

primary skin lesion

> 1 cm fluid filled

ex: 2nd degree burn

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8
Q

Cyst

A

Primary skin lesion

Raised encapsulated, fluid-filled lesion

Intradermal cyst

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9
Q

Wheal

A

Primary skin lesion

Circumscribed area of skin edema

Ex: hive

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10
Q

Purpura

A

Primary skin lesion

Flat red-purple discoloration that does not blanch with pressure

Petechiae when

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11
Q

Excoriation

A

Secondary skin lesion

Usually linear, raised, often covered with crust

Ex: stretch marks over pruritic lesions

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12
Q

Lichenification

A

Secondary skin lesion

Skin thickening usually found over pruritic or friction areas

Ex:found over pruritic or friction areas. Callus

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13
Q

Scales

A

Secondary skin lesion

Raised superficial lesions that flake with ease

Ex: dandruff, psoriasis

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14
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of epidermis

Ex: open bulla or vesicle

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15
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

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16
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow linear crack into epidermis, exposing dermis

Ex: athletes foot. Plantar section of foot

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17
Q

Linear

A

In streaks such as the typical photo dermatitis cause by exposure to plant oil (urushiol) contained in poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac

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18
Q

Clustered

A

Occurring in a group without patter, such as the lesions seen in an outbreak of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1, “cold sore”)

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19
Q

Dermatonal

A

Limited to boundaries of a single or multiple dermatomes, such as the lesions seen w/zoster (shingles)

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20
Q

Scattered

A

Generalized over body without a specific pattern or distribution, as seen in a viral exanthem such as rubella or roseola

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21
Q

Confluent or coalescent

A

Multiple lesions blending together, such as the lesions seen in psoriasis vulgaris

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22
Q

Annular

A

In a ring, often seen in the characteristic “bull’s eye” lesion seen in Lyme disease

23
Q

Treatment for psoriasis vulgaris

A

Medium-potency topical corticosteroid

24
Q

Treatment for scabies

A

Permethrin lotion

25
Q

Treatment for verruca vulgaris

A

Imiquimod cream

26
Q

Treatment for tinea pedis

A

Topical ketoconazole

27
Q

Treatment for rosacea

A

Topical metronidazole

28
Q

What condition is most likely to occur in there antecubital fossa?

A

Eczema

29
Q

What condition is most likely to occur in the anterior surface of the knees?

A

Psoriasis vulgaris

30
Q

What condition is most likely to occur in sun exposed areas?

A

Actinic keratosis

31
Q

What condition is most likely to occur over waistband area?

A

Scabies

32
Q

What condition is usually preceded by herald patch on the trunk?

A

Pityriasis rosea

33
Q

Where is actinic keratosis skin lesions located?

A

Predominately on sun expose skin, such as the face neck, back of the hands, forearms, upper chest, upper back, and rim of the external ear.

Size ranges from microscopic to several centimeters in diameter.

34
Q

Describe actinic keratosis skin lesions

A

On skin surface, red or brown, scaly, often tender but usually minimally symptomatic.

Occasionally flesh colored, more easily felt by running a finger over the affected area than seen

35
Q

When is topical treatment appropriate for the treatment of poison ivy?

A

Optimal for localized acute contact dermatitis

36
Q

When is systemic treatment appropriate for treatment of poison ivy?

A

Preferred when >/=20% of total body surface area is affected with severe rash (ie; large number of blisters), or if rash impacts face, genitals, hands and/or rash impacts occupational function.

37
Q

What types of topical treatment can be used for poison ivy?

A

Mid or high potency topical corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone (0.1%, Kenalog, Ariscort) or clobestasol (0.05%, Temovate)

For areas of thinner skin (e.g. Fleural surfaces, eyelids, face, anogenital region), lower- potency corticosteroids recommended, such as desonide ointment (Desowen) or consider oral therapy

38
Q

What type of systemic type of treatment can be used for poison ivy?

A

Prednisone 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day for 5-7 days (usually provides relief within 12-24 hours) ; typically significant patient response with this treatment, should be followed by 5-7 additional days with prednisone dose reduced by 50% to minimize risk of recurrence of skin lesion.

Total recommended systemic corticosteroid therapy duration: 10-14 days.

39
Q

What is the clinical presentation of nonbullous impetigo?

A

Erythematous macule that rapidly evolve into a vesicle or pustule, ruptures, contents dry, leaving a crested, honey color exudate

40
Q

What is the clinical presentation of bullous impetigo?

A

Bulla contains clear, yellow fluid that turns cloudy, dark yellow.

Bulla rupture easily, within 1 to 3 days, leaving a rim of scale around red, moist base, followed by a brown-lacquered or scalded-skin appearance.

41
Q

What is the clinical presentation of erysipelas?

A

Infection of the upper dermis, superficial lymphatics, usually includes heat, redness and discomfort in the region.

42
Q

Clinical presentation of cellulitis?

A

Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous fat usually includes heat, redness and discomfort in the region.

43
Q

What is the clinical presentation of cutaneous abscess, furuncle, & carbuncles?

A

Skin infection involving a hair follicle and surrounding tissue, usually includes heat, redness and discomfort in the region.

44
Q

Clinical presentation of a brown recluse spider bite:

A

Red, white, and blue sign.

Central blistering what surrounding gray to purple discoloration at bite site surrounded by a ring of skin surrounded by a large area of redness

45
Q

Is the treatment of a brown recluse spider bite?

A

Local debridement, elevation, loose immobilization.

At time of bites, ice to limit venom spread is helpful.

Dapsone often prescribed with scant evidence of effectiveness.

46
Q

1st° burn classification:

A

Superficial burns that impact epidermis only, no blisters present

Causes: sunburn, scald, flash flame

47
Q

Treatment for a 1st° burn

A

Cold compresses, lotion or ointment, acetaminophen or ibuprofen

48
Q

Second-degree burn classification

A

Superficial partial thickness (upper layers of papillary dermis) or Deep partial thickness (deeper layers of dermis, including reticular dermis)

Causes: scalds, flash burns, chemicals

49
Q

Third-degree burn classification

A

Full thickness (epithelium, dermis, underlying fat)

Causes: flame, hot surface, hot liquids chemical, electric

50
Q

How to treat a moderate nonpurelent cellulitis/erysipelas/impetigo?

A

IV Rx: penicillin or ceftriaxone or cefazolin, or clindamycin

51
Q

How to treat a mild nonpurelent abscess/carbuncle/furuncle?

A

Oral Rx: penicillin VK or cephalexin, or dicloxacillin, or clindamycin

52
Q

How to treat a moderate purulent abscess/carbuncle/furuncle?

A

I&D , C&S

Empiric RX: TMP/SMX (Bactrim) or doxycycline

Therapy directed by C&S; MRSA=TMP/SMX, MSSA= DICLOXACILLIN OR CEPHALEXIN

53
Q

Auspitz sign

A

The appearance of punctuate bleeding spots that occur when psoriasis scales are scrape off

AGNP (8 decks)

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