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Clinical Medicine > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Common benign condition of hyperpigmentation. due to epidermal hyperplasia. Can resemble melanomas.

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2
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis Characteristics

A

papule. greasy, scab-like, well-circumscribed border. Appears “stuck on.”

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3
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis Treatment

A

Reassurance. Cryotherapy for cosmetic reasons.

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4
Q

Keratoacanthoma

A

Rapidly growing (4-6 weeks). Benign but histologically resembles SCC. Usually a round flesh colored nodule.

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5
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Benign condition that can be a precursor to SCC. Due to sun exposure.

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6
Q

Actinic Keratosis characteristics

A

less than 1cm. dry scale. felt more easily than seen.

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7
Q

Actinic Keratosis Treatment

A

5-FU cream (topical chemotherapy). Imiquimod (Aldara) as an immune modulator. Cut it out (cryo, currett etc.) often resolves on it’s own.

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8
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Most common. Slow growing. Rarely metastizizes.

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9
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Characteristics

A

pearly/waxy nodule or papule with rolled borders. Can have teleangiectasias.

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10
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment

A

Biopsy and derm consult. Moh’s surgery, excision, topical chemotherapy (5-FU)

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11
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Second most common. Head lesions are most likely to metastasize. Can occur from sun damage or injury.

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12
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Characteristics

A

Indurated hard plaques, papules or nodules that can be ulcerated. Rough surface. Vary dramatically.

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13
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment

A

Simple surgical resection or Moh’s surgery (>2cm). May need radiation/chemotherapy. Requires detailed follow up.

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14
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

3% of skin cancer. Metastasis is common. originate in melanocytes. Caused by sun exposure.

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15
Q

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

A

Most common MM. In younger populations. Radial growth before vertical growth. slightly raised discolored patch with irregular borders. Looks similar to seborrheic keratosis.

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16
Q

Lentigo Maligna

A

MM. Older population. slow horizontal growth followed by rapid vertical growth. Flat or mildly raised shades of brown.

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17
Q

Acral Letiginous Melanoma

A

Common in darker skin tones. Dark discoloration under the nails, palms or soles.

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18
Q

Nodular Melanoma

A

Most aggressive MM. Rapid vertical growth with little horizontal growth. Inflamed nodule usually black.

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19
Q

Malignant Melanoma Treatment

A

Wide surgical excision. Elective regional lymph node dissection. Chemotherapy with Dacarbazine (DTIC). Immunotherapy with interferon-alpha.

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20
Q

ABCDE of Melanoma

A 
Asymettry
irregular Borders
Color variation
Diameter >6mm 
Elvolution:
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21
Q

Mycosis Fungoides

A

Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Erythematous patches on trunk >5cm. Itchy. Lymph node swelling. Looks similar to a fungal infection.

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22
Q

Measles Etiology

A

Paramyxovirus

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23
Q

Measles Transmission

A

Infectious droplets. Infectious for 2 hours. Incubation of 2-3 weeks (asymptomatic).

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24
Q

Measles Prodrome

A

Very high fever (>104). 3 C’s Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis.

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25
Q

Measles Rash

A

Koplik spots in mouth, papules, “grains of salt on red background.” Blanching maculopapular rash first on face then goes head to toe. Can coalesce.

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26
Q

Measles Diagnostics

A

Serum/ throat swab for IgM and RNA. Progression of head to toe is KEY.

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27
Q

Measles Complications

A

Diarrhea is most common. Otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, SSPE.

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28
Q

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

A

SSPE. Complication of measles after 7-10 years. Degeneration of the CNS.

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29
Q

Measles Treatment

A

Report to CDC. Symptomatic. Vitamin A. Patient Education.

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30
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (5th disease) Etiology

A

Parvovirus B-19

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31
Q

Erythema Infectiosum Transmission

A

Respiratory secretions. Incubation for 7-14 days.

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32
Q

Erythema Infectiosum Prodrome

A

mild Flu-like symptoms

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33
Q

Erythema Infectiosum Rash

A

Facial rash: erythematous malar rash “slapped cheeks”

Body Rash: Lacy, pink macular rash especially on extensor surfaces

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34
Q

Erythema Infectiosum Diagnosis

A

Clinical Presentation. Facial “slapped cheeks” followed by lacy body rash 2-3 days later.

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35
Q

Erythema Infectiosum Treatment

A

Symptomatic. Transfusions for severe anemia.

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36
Q

Erythema Infectiosum Complications

A

Transient aplastic crisis (Anemia)

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37
Q

Hydrops Fetalis

A

Complication of erythema infectiosum. Increased fluid during pregnancy that can lead to fetal loss.

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38
Q

Rubella Etiology

A

Rubella Virus

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39
Q

Rubella Transmission

A

Respirartory aerosols

40
Q

Rubella Prodrome

A

low grade fever (

41
Q

Rubella rash

A

Erythematous papules/purpura. Pinpoint. head to toe progression.

42
Q

Rubella Diagnosis

A

Clinical presentation. 3-day measles. Head-to-toe progression.

43
Q

Rubella complications

A

Encephalitis, hemorrhage, mortality.

44
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

A

Blue-berry muffin rash. Hearing Loss. Can be lethal.

45
Q

Rubella Treatment

A

Symptomatic

46
Q

Roseola Infantum Etiology

A

Herpes virus 6

47
Q

Roseola infantum Transmission

A

Sporadic without known exposure. Infants 7-13 months.

48
Q

Roseola Infantum Prodrome

A

Febrile >104 degrees with an abrupt end

49
Q

Roseola Infantum Rash

A

Blanching pink/erythematous maculopapular. Neck/trunk to Face/extremities. Non-pruritic.

50
Q

Roseola Infantum Diagnosis

A

Clinical presentation. High fever with abrupt end then rash from neck/trunk to face/extremities.

51
Q

Roseola Infantum Treatment

A

Symptomatic. antipyretics.

52
Q

Hand, Foot and Mouth etiology

A

Coxsackie A16 virus

53
Q

Hand, foot and mouth transmission

A

oral ingestion of the virus. Usually fecal to oral.

54
Q

Hand, Foot and mouth prodrome

A

Quick, usually absent. Can have fever and diarrhea

55
Q

Hand, foot and mouth rash

A

sore throat with vesicles in the mouth. Vesicles on the hands, feet and buttocks. Vesicles can ulcerate.

56
Q

Hand, foot and mouth diagnosis

A

Clinical presentation

57
Q

Hand, foot and mouth complications

A

dehydration, encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, loss of nails.

58
Q

hand, foot and mouth treatment

A

symptomatic. educate about proper hygiene.

59
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Etiology

A

Poxvirus

60
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Transmission

A

Direct contact or contact with fomites. very contagious. autoinocculation.

61
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Rash

A

Flesh colored, pearly, papules that are umbilicated (little donuts). Located everywhere but palms and soles. No associated symptoms.

62
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Diagnosis

A

Clinical presentation of rash (donut shaped)

63
Q

Molluscum contagiosum treatment

A

spontaneously resolve in 6-12 months. Can use podophyllotoxin cream at home. Cantharidin in the office to cause blistering.

64
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum Etiology

A

HPV

65
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum Transmission

A

Sexually transmitted

66
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum Presentation

A

cauliflower-like lesion in genital area. Mild pruritus.

67
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum Diagnosis

A

Clinical presentation. Anoscopy (warts can be internal).

68
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum Treatment

A

Podophyllin cream. surgical removal. Immunotherapy.

69
Q

Varicella Etiology

A

Varicella-zoster virus (herpes)

70
Q

Varicella transmission

A

droplet or direct contact. incubation of 10-21 days.

71
Q

Varicella prodrome

A

2-5 days of fever and pharyngitis

72
Q

Varicella rash

A

generalized vesicular rash. pruritic. lesions at all different stages. crust over after 6 days.

73
Q

Varicella diagnosis

A

Presentation. lesions at all different stages.

74
Q

Varicella complications

A

Group A strep. Secondary infections. encephalitis. reye syndrome. congentital varicella syndrome.

75
Q

Varicella treatment

A

symptomatic. acyclovir for those who are immunocompromised.

76
Q

Herpes Zoster Etiology

A

Varicella zoster virus (herpes)

77
Q

Herpes Zoster Prodrome

A

acute neruritic pain 3-5 days. allodynia.

78
Q

Herpes Zoster Rash

A

grouped vesicles on erythematous base. dermatomal. thoracic region.

79
Q

Post Herpetic Neuralgia

A

complication of herpes zoster. lancinating pain that can last for years

80
Q

Herpes Zoster Opthalmicas

A

Reactivation of varicella zoster in the trigeminal nerve. vesicles on nose. get to ophthalmologist.

81
Q

Herpes Zoster Treatment

A

Antiviral (famciclovir, valacyclovir, acyclovir). Pain management. usually resolves in 2-6 weeks.

82
Q

Herpes Simplex Viruses Transmission

A

Direct contact with active lesions

83
Q

Herpes simplex virus Prodrome

A

burning, tingling, pruritis.

84
Q

Herpes simplex virus rash

A

grouped vesicles on erythematous base. crusting later on.

85
Q

Herpes simplex virus diagnosis

A

presentation and viral cultures.

86
Q

Herpes simplex treatment

A

start in prodrome phase. antivirals (valacyclovir, famciclovir, acyclovir) can also be used for chronic suppression.

87
Q

Herpes simplex virus I

A

Herpes labialis

88
Q

Herpes simplex virus 2

A

genital herpes

89
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans Characteristics

A

Hyperpigmented, velvety plaque on the neck and skin folds.

90
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans Associations

A

obesity, diabetes and PCOS

91
Q

Acanthosis nigricans treatment

A

treat underlying cause. topical cream for cosmetic reasons.

92
Q

Melasma

A

Hyperpigmentation. sharply demarcated brown patches on face due to UV light or hormonal changes.

93
Q

Melasma Treatment

A

sunscreen

94
Q

Lipoma Characteristics

A

soft, mobile, non-tender tumor of adipose tissue. under the subcutaneous layer.

95
Q

Lipoma Treatment

A

surgical removal if bothersome

96
Q

Epithelial inclusion cyst characteristics

A

soft, mobile, nodule, fluctuant, central punctum.

97
Q

Epithelial inclusion cyst treatment

A

Can become infected. Treated with I&D and antibiotics.

Clinical Medicine (7 decks)

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