Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z MD 2 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what is diffuse erythrodermic eczema

A

severe eczema >90% BSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 aspects of bacterial endocarditis that cause cutaneous symptoms and what are they

A

vasculitis - infarcts, Osler’s nodes

emboli - splinter haemorrhages, infarcts, Janeway lesions

coagulopathy - purpura (clubbing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is DRESS

A

drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic involvement causing fever, rash and internal organ involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what two common cardio-respiratory conditions have obvious cutaneous signs

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

prodrome of SJS/TEN

A

malaise, fever, headache, myalgia, pharyngitis and eye discomfort 1-3 weeks after drug exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the medical emergency associated with psoriasis and what does it cause

A

generalised pustular psoriasis - leads to loss of barrier function, thermoregulation and protein loss - risk of pre-renal impairment, high output cardiac failure, sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a plaque

A

circumscribed elevated area of skin - broadness is greater than thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is lichenification

A

thickening of areas of skin as a result of chronic rubbing scratching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the systemic retinoid that can be given for severe acne and how does it work

A

isotretinoin = roacutane - comedolytic - reduces sebaceous gland activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the early stages of SCC

A

actinic keratosis

SCC in situ (Bowen’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment of post-strep guttate sporiasis

A

phototherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the subtypes of BCC

A

nodular BCC

superficial BCC

infiltrative BCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of atopic eczema

A

avoid soap

regular emollient

warm, not hot, showers

topical steroid to inflamed area

mild steroid/non inflammatory for face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do you confirm diagnosis of scabies

A

scraping of burrow and examination under light microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the association between strep and psoriasis

A

can get post-streptococcal guttate psoriasis - occurs 1-2 weeks after Strep URTI - get Sudden generalised onset of small plaque psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

signs of melanoma

A

asymmetry border

irregularity

colour variegation

diameter (>5mm)

evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prodrome of DRESS

A

fever, malaise, pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes perioral/periorifical dermatitis

A

due to misuse of potent topical steroids on face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

typical age of onset of psoriasis

A

20s and 50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is an open and closed comedone

A

open = blackhead

closed = whitehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are lentigines

A

sun-induced pigmented macules (in middle-aged people)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which medications can cause acne

A

lithium

anabolic steroids

topical corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

subtypes of melanoma

A

superficial spreading melanoma

lentigo maligna

acral lentiginous melanoma

nodular melanoma

desmoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 major modalities of therapy for stage 4 metastatic melanoma

A

molecular targeted therapy (MAP kinase inhibitors)

immunotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
characteristic signs of SCC
- at sun exposed sites (scalp, hands, forearms, neck, ears) - scaly nodule which tends to be tender on palpation - sometimes with a cutaneous horn - skin freely movable over the underlying tissue - rapid growth - may bleed easily or ulcerate
26
What is the difference between actinic keratoses and Bowen's disease
AK - dysmorphic cells only in the basal layer of the epidermis Bowen's - dysmorphic cells are the whole thickness of the epidermis
27
long term complications of SJS/TEN
scarring and strictures
28
what are the complications of eczema
bacterial superinfection eczema herpeticum (secondary infection with HSV - emergency)
29
what is the difference in the associations between xanthelasma and eruptive xanthomas
xanthelasma - hypercholesterolaemia eruptive xanthomas - hypertriglyceridaemia (significant risk of pancreatitis)
30
treatment of impetigo
anti-staph antibiotics (flucloxacillin, cephalexin)
31
characteristic signs of BCC
- pearly nodule with central ulceration - telangiectasia across the lesion - in sun exposed areas - bleeding (in nodular BCC)
32
what does the rash look like in impetigo
rash of blistering and crusting
33
main cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis
erythema nodosum over the dorsum of the legs
34
short term complications of SJS/TEN
hypovolaemia metabolic abnormalities secondary bacterial infection DEATH
35
which type of melanoma has the best prognosis
lentigo maligna - slow growing
36
mainstay treatment of SCC
complete surgical excision with clear margins +/- adjuvant chemotherapy in high risk lesions
37
what are the treatments of psoriasis
topical phototherapy systemic immunosuppression if severe
38
clinical features of eczema
very itchy, erthematous, diffuse rash on the FLEXORS worse in winter and summer
39
which type of melanoma has the worst prognosis
nodular melanoma - does not fulfill the ABDC criteria, rapid growth and early invasion elevated, firm, growing
40
What type of "nails" are associated with chronic liver disease
terry's nails - white proximal and red distally - thought to be due to hyperalbuminaemia (leuconichia)
41
what is the difference between primary and secondary erythroderma
primary - extends within a few days from the trunk to involve whole skin surface --\> scaling secondary - generalisation of a preceding localised skin disease
42
what is the difference between a macule, papule and a nodule
macule = flat area of altered skin colour, impalpable papule = elevated palpable lesion 1cm nodule = elevated papule more than 5mm
43
what is the difference between palpable and non-palpable purpura
non-palpable = coagulopathy palpable = vasculitis
44
what causes cradle cap
seborrhoeic dermatitis
45
where is the typical reservoir for ringworm infection
nails!
46
what does erythema mean
redness of skin due to vasodilation
47
what does confluent distribution mean
widespread
48
what is the difference between a benign junctional naeus and a benign compound naevus
BJN - naevus that appears during childhood where the naevus cells are located at the epidermal side of the dermal-epidermal junction BCN - neaves cells are both in the epidermis and dermis
49
clinical features of scabies
- intensely itchy rash, often starting on hands, interdigital spaces and feet - itch its worse at night - spares face and head in adults
50
where are the places that psoriasis likes to be
scalp ears palmar-plantar nails
51
what causees vitiligo
autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
52
what is cephalocaudal
spread from trunk to limbs
53
what is the fancy word for severe cystic acne
acne conglobata
54
which ABs can be given for acne
those affective against GNs eg doxycycline or erythomycin
55
what is the difference between a vesicle, bullae and pustule
vesicle = a fluid filled blister bullae = a fluid filled blister that is \>5mm pustule = pus filled blister
56
which skin infections can be caused by staph aureus
folliculitis impetigo
57
what is purpura
discolouration of skin or mucous membranes due to bleeding from small vessels - non blanching
58
treatment of scabies
- topical 5% permethrin cream - apply cream all over from neck down and leave overnight and wash off in the morning - treat clothing with hot wash and tumble dry - treat all close contacts - index case retreated after one week
59
2 components to rosacea
vascular reactivity - redness, flushing inflammatory rosacea - papules, pustules Can occur at the same time or in isolation
60
what is sclerosis
hardening of the subcutaneous tissue
61
what type of rash is associated with dermatomyositis
heliotrope rash (purplish hue that affects the upper eyelid skin) often with some periorbital oedema
62
What does CREST stand for
Calcinosis Raynaud's Oesophagea dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia
63
how do we diagnose melanoma
excision biospy --\> histology
64
typical rash of psoriasis
well demarcated plaques on extensor surfaces, very erythematous, scaly +++ symmetrical silvery scale
65
typical regions of ringworm infection
skin nails hair
66
what is the difference between SJS and TEN
SJS = involves 30% TEN - more than 30%
67
what is cellulitis caused by
strep (group A)
68
SEs of isotretinoin
teratogenic ++ dryness photosensitivity ?depression
69
How is T staging of melanoma done
Breslow thickness (1-4) + ulceration (A or B)
70
what is petechiae
pinpoint bleeding into skin or mucosae - does not blanch
71
what is pyoderma gangrenosum and what are they associated with
non-infective inflammatory ulceration of the skin - CTD - malignancy - IBD
72
what is the treatment for actinic keratoses
cryotherapy Topical cream surgical excision for lesions that are resistant to treatment or suspicious for SCC development
73
treatment of HSV1
topical or systemic acyclovir or other antiviral
74
treatment of molluscum
shower rather than baths restrict sharing of baths and towels topical irritants topical immunostimulants (will go away by themselves)
75
what is the proportion of the different types of skin cancers
2/3 BCC 1/3 SCC 2% melanoma
76
what is a wheal
area of localised oedema of skin
77
mainstay treatment for BCC
nodular or infiltrating - surgical excision with clear margins superficial - surgical excision/serial curettage/topical imiquimod/photodynamic therapy
78
what is erythroderma
description - someone who is red all over (involving more than 90% of skin surface)
79
what are half and half nails
white proximal and brown distally
80
what causes livedo reticularis
medium vessel vasculopathy
81
treatment of ringworm
topical - imidazole extensive infection/tinea in the nails/tinea on the scalp = oral anti-fungals
82
atopic triad
asthma hayfever eczema
83
cutaneous manifestation of Addison's
hyperpigmentation in unusual areas - such as mucosa and palms/creases, nails
84
what are the margins of local excision for melanoma
melanoma in situ = 0.5cm less than 1mm = 1cm between 1-2mm = 1-2cm more than 2mm = 2cm
85
what is the complication of herpes infection
get eczema infection on top = eczema herpeticum - MEDICAL EMERGENCY --\> opthalmic herpes --\> corneal scarring - blindess
86
where are melanocytes normally located
at the epidermal-dermal junction
87
what are the long term complications of rosacea
vascular dilatation - redness, telangiectasia tissue hypertrophy - rhinophyma
88
what is a scale
abnormal accumulation of keratin
89
what is telangiectasia
dilated blood vessels
90
what causes freckles
sun induced increase in melanin (not melanocytes)
91
what is a crust
dried exudate from an erosion or ulcer
92
typical rash of ringworm
itchy, spreading, gradually enlarging, central clearing rash with scaly edge
93
what is actinic keratoses (sun spots)
precursor to SCC - erythematous scaly lesions, not indurated or tender - uneven skin colour
94
what is breslow thickness
how deep the melanoma goes down into the skin
95
what are the other causes of erythema nodosum other than sarcoidosis
infection IBD pregnancy
96
what is the biggest indicator for outcome in melanoma
sentinal lymph node positive or negative
97
which mutation is associated with eczema and how does it lead to eczema
filaggrin - causes reduced barrier function so irritants easier to penetrate -\> inflammation
98
diagnosis of ringworm
scraping --\> fungal microscopy and culture
99
what is the hallmark of SJS/TEN
extensive keratinocyte cell death leading to separation of skin at the dermo-epidermal junction
100
treatment of Bowen's disease
topical cream surgical excision for suspicious lesions
101
what are the 4 components of acne
abnormal keratinization of sebaceous duct colonization with bacteria increase in androgen levels --\> increased sebum inflammation
102
what is the timing typical of a drug induced erythroderma
started the drug 3-4 weeks ago
103
what is a complication of shingles
post-herpetic neuralgia
104
what are osler's nodes and Janeway lesions
Osler's nodes - TENDER erythematous nodules on pads of fingers and toes with a pale centre Janeway lesions - NON-TENDER haemorrhagic nodules palms and soles
105
BCC, SCC and melanoma arise from
BCC - basal cells of the epidermis SCC - keratinocytes melanoma - melanocytes
106
treatment of HSV2
systemic antiviral treatment may need prophylactic antiviral treatment
107
what is the pururitus screen
FBE - anaemia EUC LFTs - cholestasis Iron studies - iron deficiency anaemia thyroid function tests - hyper/hypothyroidism CXR - lymphoma
108
what causes seborrhoeic dermatitis
inflammatory skin reaction to colonization with skin yeast pityrosporum
109
rosacea management
- avoid triggers - vascular laser (for vascular rosacea) - topical metronidazole gel, topical azaleic acid, systemic ABs, systemic isotretinoin (inflammatory rosacea) - ablative laser or surgery (rhinophyma)

Z MD 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions