Dermatology Flashcards
Describe how contact dermatitis appears in younger children
How is it treated?
It spares the inguinal folds.
Treat with frequent diaper changes and zinc oxide
How does Candida diaper dermatitis differ from diaper dermatitis
How do you diagnose it?
How do you treat it?
It will have satellite lesions and involve the inguinal folds
Koh prep
NyStatin or clotrimazole
Which type of skin pathology presents as coin shaped eczamatous lesions on the extensor surface of extremities that are uniform without any central clearing and can ooze, crust or have a scaling pattern
How do you treat this?
Nummular eczema
Topical steroids 
If a child with eczema has a rash that is not improving with steroids and or antibiotics, think of what diagnosis?
How do you diagnose this?
How do you treat it?
Eczema herpeticum
HSV PCR or viral culture
Stop topical steroids and immunosuppression and start aCyclovir
Which skin rash is a non-pruritic, inflammatory, flaky rash with white to yellow scales, usually formed in oily areas like the scalp.
How can you treat this?
What are the hypopigmented areas that can be left from this called?
Seborrheic dermatitis
Cleaning, antifungal, topical, mild steroids.
Pityriasis alba
Which skin pathology is described as very well defined, red, flaky, rashes, covered with silver white patches.
What is Auspitz sign?
What is the main state of treatment?
Which three treatments can be used in severe disease
Psoriasis.
Bleeding when scales are removed.
Topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors on the face.
Phototherapy, methotrexate, etantercept
If psoriasis is in the diaper area, describe its relation to the inguinal folds
Which skin pathology is described as drop like psoriatic lesions?
This can be proceeded by what infection
It will involve them
Guttate psoriasis
Group, a strep infection
If you see a patient that has skin findings, resembling eczema, but they also have petechiae or papules, this should guide you toward which diagnosis?
This is a type of cancer, which two other things can it be associated with?
How do you diagnose it?
How do you treat it?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (X)
Lytic bone lesions like in the skull or diabetes insipidus
Skin biopsy,
steroids with or without chemotherapy
If a patient is described as having eczema or seborrheic dermatitis type of rash with a high urine output, what is likely the diagnosis?
Which two types of rashes, spare the inguinal folds
Langerhans cell histiocytosis due to the association with diabetes insipidus
Eczema and contact dermatitis
Which skin pathology is described as a chronic, inflammatory, dry, white, and somewhat scaly rash usually found in the genital area with no thickening or sclerosis?
Which skin pathology is a rash that looks like eczema, but is linear or popular and can follow the lines of blaschko?
Lichen sclerosis, look for a picture of a labia with a rash, usually no symptoms, but some may have itchiness
Lichen striatus
A biotin or biotinidase deficiency may present with which three symptoms?
Which blood test can also be positive
Rash, alopecia, neurologic signs like ataxia or coma
Lactic acidosis
Which skin pathology results in depigmented macules
It is often associated with what
Vitiligo.
Halo Nevi
Which skin pathology is a rash that resembles fish scales and is often seen in a topic dermatitis
Which two treatments can be used
Ichthyosis vulgaris
 ammonium lactate or alpha hydroxy acid containing agents
Which skin pathology is described as deep, bluish, necrotic and boggy looking ulcers.
It is associated with systemic diseases, like which one?
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Crohn’s disease
Which skin pathology is usually a sign of pseudomonas infection and possibly sepsis in an immunocompromised patient
This is especially associated with which disease?
These lesions are often located where
Etyma gangrenosum
Leukemia.
Groin/diaper area
Which skin pathology is a chronic skin condition with a circular lesion occurring under the skins surface with no scales.
How does this differ from ringworm?
Granuloma annulare
There is scaling in ringworm and no scaling in GA
Which skin pathology is a condition in which there are pitted skin areas of pressure?
There will probably be a history of what in addition to this.
Pitted keratolysis
Strong foot odor
Which skin pathology results in a heliotropic violaceous rash in the malar area?
Which 2 other skin findings may be present?
How do you diagnose this?
Which blood test will be high
They can also get which other skin disorder.
Dermatomyositis.
Gottrons papules, telangioectasias near the nail folds.
Muscle biopsy.
CK will be high
Calcinosis cutis
SJS is diagnosed if what percentage of the body surface area is involved?
TEN requires what percentage at least to be involved
What is the Nikolski sign?
Less than 10%
Greater than 30%
Separation of the epidermis with firm pressure
What is the asboe hansen sign?
At least how many mucus membranes must be involved in TEN/SJS
Which four groups of medication’s are associated with this?
The spread of a blister laterally when pressure is applied, seen in TEN and SJS
At least two
Aromatic seizure, medications, penicillins, NSAIDs, sulfa drugs
If a newborn has increased, LFTs, petechiae, rash, scaling, thrombocytopenia and a third-degree AV heart block with bradycardia, you should think of what?
How do you diagnose?
Neonatal lupus.
Sending maternal anti ro or la antibody testing
Which three rashes will be described with central clearing
Which three rashes will be described as central darkening/target lesions
Hives/urticaria, rheumatic fever (e marginatum) or tinea
SJS/TEN, brown recluse spider bite, Lyme disease
Which pathology is described as a sack, leg growth, present at birth that can contain hair and teeth often associated with tufts or sinuses?
Why should they be removed?
 dermoid cysts.
Because they can get infected
Which skin pathology is a benign, very common flesh colored nodule with a black punctum that develops at one month of age or later
Why would an answer for retinoic acid and benzyl peroxide twice daily for acne probably be wrong?
Epidermoid cyst
Because the benzyl peroxide inactivates retinoids, one should be used in the morning and one should be used later in the day
How is inflammatory acne differentiated from Comodonal acne?
How are minor cases treated? How are severe cases treated?
 they will be acne with a red base.
Topical antimicrobials such as benzyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin
In severe cases, you should use oral antibiotics like tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin, if all else fails use isotretinoin
Which three diagnosis should be considered in a younger child, such as seven with acne
Peg teeth, art teeth that are smaller than usual, sometimes tapered and look like fangs, they are associated with which two disorders
Exogenous steroid use, precocious puberty, tuberous sclerosis
Incontinentia pigmenti and hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Describe Hutchinson teeth, what are they associated with?
Why do you want to avoid tetracycline until patients are at at least eight years of age?
They are smaller and more widely spaced with notches on the biting surfaces.
Congenital syphilis
Because it can cause yellow, brown, blue band, like staining of the teeth
Describe the timeline of a hemangioma
What is the first line drug? If these appear in a more sensitive area, what are the two second line therapies?
Proliferation is greatest in the first six months, largest at one year, begin involving at two years of age and disappeared by 5–10 years
Propranolol, systemic, steroids, and pulse dye laser therapy
What complication can occur due to large or multiple hemangiomas?
If hemangiomas present in the Lumbo sacral area, there is concern for what?
High output, heart failure
Spinal dysraphism or incomplete fusion of neural folds/tube
In addition to a hemangioma, what are five other findings for which one other needs to be present to diagnose PHACES syndrome
Posterior fossa, malformation like dandy, Walker, art, cerebral, vascular anomaly, cardiac anomaly, like coarctation, eye anomaly, sternal defect
Which syndrome presents with large congenital vascular tumors?
This can also cause a severe what?
Kasabach merritt syndrome
Consumptive coagulopathy in the form of thrombocytopenia and consumption of coagulation factors.
Which skin pathology is a capillary malformation, unilateral and segmental, not crossing the midline starting as a pink/flat lesion that becomes dark red – purple and is permanent?
If they are on the face, they can be associated with what?
Port wine stain or nevus flammeus
Glaucoma
Which syndrome presents with a port wine stain, with intracranial vascular malformations with or without glaucoma, seizure, cognitive defects?
What test should be done to look for intracranial vascular malformations?
Sturge Weber
MRI
