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REPOSITORY - Medicine and Physiology 2 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layer of the skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis
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2
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

A

The skin (1.5-2.0m^2)

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3
Q

What is the function of skin?

A
  • anatomical barrier
  • heat regulation
  • sensory input
  • storage for lipids and water
  • drug absorption and waste excretion
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4
Q

How does oily skin differ from ‘normal’ skin?

A
  • more secretion from sebaceous glands (sebum)
  • more bacterial colonisation
  • skin becomes heavier and thicker
  • more risk of pore black age
  • more spots and pimples
  • less likely to wrinkle
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5
Q

What are comedones?

A

Blackheads
- build up of keratin and sebum

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6
Q

What are examples of bacterial infections of the skin?

A
  • acne
  • impetigo
  • furuncles and carbuncles
  • erysipelas
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7
Q

What are furuncles?

A

Pockets filled with pus
- caused by staph aureus
- red painful and swollen

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8
Q

Who is most likely to suffer from acne?

A

teenagers

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9
Q

What are the causes of acne?

A
  • follicular sensitivity to testosterone
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10
Q

What can make acne worse?

A
  • contraceptive pills (progesterone)
  • systemic steroid treatment
  • anticonvulsant drugs
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11
Q

How can acne be managed locally?

A
  • reduce excess skin oil (using cleanser)
  • benzoyl peroxide
  • retinoids
  • antibiotic lotions
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12
Q

If local treatments for acne fail, what systemic management is used?

A
  • antibiotics (tetracycline based)
  • retinoids (isotretinoin)
  • hormone manipulation (anti-androgens)
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13
Q

What microorganism causes Erysipelas?

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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14
Q

How is erysipelas managed?

A
  • oral/IV antibiotics
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15
Q

What can erysipelas progress to?

A
  • necrotising fasciitis
  • septic shock
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16
Q

What is Impetigo?

A

Highly infection skin disease caused by
- staphylococcal
- streptococcal

Has a crust red blister appearance

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17
Q

What are examples of viral skin infection?

A
  • herpes simplex
  • shingles
  • warts
  • molluscum contagiosum
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18
Q

What can cause activation of the Herpes simplex virus?

A

Trauma
- physical
- chemical
- UV light

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19
Q

How is Herpes Simplex treated?

A

Aciclovir

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20
Q

What causes Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

MCV (pox virus)

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21
Q

What causes warts?

A

Human Papilloma Virus (types 1-3)

22
Q

How are warts treated?

A
  • keratolysis
  • cryosurgery
  • excision
23
Q

What are examples of fungal skin infection?

A
  • Athletes foot
  • Ringworm
  • Intertrigo
24
Q

How can athletes foot be prevented?

A
  • keep skin dry
  • keep skin damage free
25
Q

How is athletes foot treated?

A

Miconazole (topical)

26
Q

What is intertrigo? How is it treated?

A

Fungal infection due to chafing in moist body folds.
Treat with topical antifungal:
- clotrimazole
- miconazole

27
Q

How is Pityriasis Versicolor treated?

A

Topical or systemic antifungal
- topical ketoconazole
- systemic itraconazole

28
Q

What are examples of skin infestations?

A
  • scabies
  • lice
29
Q

How is scabies spread?

A

skin-to-skin contact

30
Q

How does Scabies present?

A
  • itching (severe at night)
  • rash on trunk and limbs
  • burrows appear on skin
31
Q

How is scabies treated?

A
  • benzyl benzoate
  • permethrin
  • malathion
32
Q

How are lice transmitted?

A

close contact with an infected individual or shared items

33
Q

How are lice treated?

A
  • personal and clothing hygiene
  • chemical insecticides (permethrin)
34
Q

What are examples of inflammatory skin disease?

A
  • eczema
  • occupational dermatitis
  • psoriasis
35
Q

What are the 2 types of eczema?

A
  • atopic
  • contact
36
Q

What is eczema?

A

Inflammation of the skin
- becomes itchy, dry, flakey
- occasionally weeps

37
Q

What is the commonest form of eczema?

A

atopic eczema
- develops in childhood
- usually improves with age

38
Q

What are triggers for eczema?

A
  • stress
  • mensuration
  • illness
  • changes in weather
39
Q

How is eczema managed?

A
  • cotton clothing
  • emollients
  • soap substitutes
  • corticosteroids
40
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

reaction to an environmental agent resulting in a rash with an intense itch

41
Q

How is contact dermatitis treated?

A

Remove source
- topical steroids can help

42
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Dysregulated epidermal proliferation
- skin surface builds up & thickens

43
Q

How is psoriasis treated?

A
  • emollients
  • topical steroids
  • tar
  • dithranol
  • vitamin A derivatives
  • PUVA (activated by UV light)
44
Q

What systemic drugs can be used to treat psoriasis?

A
  • methotrexate
  • cyclosporin
  • aitretin
  • infliximab
45
Q

What are examples of immunological skin diseases?

A
  • blistering conditions (pemphigoid)
  • lichen planus
  • connective tissue diseases (scleroderma, raynauds)
46
Q

How do immunological skin diseases occur?

A
  • auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell to cell adhesion
  • split forms in skin (fills with inflammatory exudate and forms vesicle/blister)
47
Q

What are examples of vesiculobullous diseases?

A
  • pemphigoid
  • pemphigus
  • epidermolgysis bullosa
  • linear IgA disease
  • dermatitis herpetiformis
48
Q

What is Pemphigoid?

A

presents as thick walled blisters

49
Q

How is pemphigoid managed?

A

Immunosuppressants
- steroids
- ‘steroid sparing’ drugs

50
Q

What is pemphigus?

A

Fatal disease without treatment
- oral lesions usually seen before skin
- intra-epithelial blister

51
Q

What problems are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa?

A
  • infection
  • fluid loss
  • scarring

REPOSITORY - Medicine and Physiology 2 (13 decks)

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