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NUR2613 Final Exam > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

7 key questions when getting derm history:

A

1- When? (Onset)
2- Where? (Site of onset)
3- Foes it itch or burn? (Symptoms)
4- Has it spread? How? ( pattern of evolution)
5- How have individual lesions changed? (Evolution)
6- Provocative factors? (Heat, cold, sun, exercise, travel history, drugs, pregnancy,season)
7- Previous treatments? (Topical or systemic)

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2
Q

Other aspects for derm history taking (7)

A

1- Demographics (age, race occupation)
2- Constitutional symptoms (acute illness syndrome) (Chronic illness syndrome)
3- General history of the present illness
4- Past medical history (surgery, illnesses, hospitalization. Allergies, medications, social habits. Hx of atopy asthma, hay fever, eczema. Family medical history)
5- Social history (occupation, hobbies, exposures, travel, injection drugs)
6- Sexual history
7- Review of symptoms/systems

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3
Q

Physical examination (3)

A

1- General appearance
2- Vital signs
3- Skin

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4
Q

All of the skin should be examined, including what? (5)

A

1- Mucus membranes
2- Hair and scalp
3- Nail plate, nail fold, nail body
4- Peripheral lymph nodes
5- Genital area

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5
Q

Name 7 primary skin lesions

A

Macule (less than 1cm)
Patch (more than 1cm)
Papule
Plaque
Nodule
Vesicule
Bulla

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6
Q

Name 8 secondary lesions

A

1- Erosion
2- Ulcer
3- Fissure
4- Atrophy
5- Excoriation
6- Crust
7- Scale
8- Lichenfication

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7
Q

Define a macule

A

Flat discoloration less than (any color) 1 cm. Not palpable. Should blanch under pressure.

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8
Q

If a macule does not blanch under pressure, what is it?

A

Purpuric

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9
Q

Define a patch

A

Circumscribed flat area of discoloration more than 1 cm in diameter. Not palpable. Any color. Blanches under pressure.

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10
Q

Define a papule

A

Elevated small solid raised palpable bump. Generally 5-10mm in diameter.

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11
Q

Describe a pustule

A

Small located inflamed pus filled, lesion.
Up to 1cm in diameter.

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12
Q

Describe plaque

A

Small raised abnormal patch of tissue. 5-10mm in diameter.

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13
Q

Describe a nodule

A

Growth of abnormal tissue. At least 1cm in diameter. Palpable.

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14
Q

Describe a wheal.

A

Hive. Rounded flat top. Red red oedematous. Erythematous blanchable.

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15
Q

Describe vesicle and Bullae. Difference between the two.

A

Fluid filled sacs. Vesicle 5-10mm. Bullae >10mm.

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16
Q

Describe a cyst.

A

Sac like pocket. Filled with something. Usually more than 5mm in diameter.

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17
Q

Define erosion

A

Breakdown outer layer of skin- epidermis only. Usually d/t trauma.

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18
Q

Define ulcer.

A

Open sore d/t poor blood flow.

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19
Q

Define fissure

A

Small linear crack in skin.

20
Q

Define atrophy.

A

Degeneration or thinning of skin.

21
Q

Define excoriation

A

Abrasion from scratching.

22
Q

Define crusts.

A

Outer coating formed from drying of a bodily exudate

23
Q

Define scales

A

Loss of outer layer of epidermis in large scale like flakes.

24
Q

Define Lichenification.

A

Thickened and hardened area of skin.

25
Q

Define petechia.

A

Nonblanchable puncate foci of hemorrhage into dermis.

26
Q

Define purpura.

A

Larger area of hemorrhage that may be palpable.

27
Q

Difference between hematoma and ecchymosis.

A

Solid collection of blood.

28
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Small dilated blood vessels.

29
Q

Define burrow.

A

Like a work inside your skin.

30
Q

Define comedome.

A

White and back head. Horny plug filling of pilosebaceous duct.

31
Q

Name ABCDE of melanoma.

A

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution

32
Q

Lesion on a photoexposed part of body, asymptomatic, not healing since at least 3 months. What am I?

A

Basal cell carcinoma.

33
Q

Often ulcerated or hyperkeratosic. Chronic wound or erythematosquamous plaque. Photoexposed area. What am I?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

34
Q

Erythématosquamous, poorly delimitated on photo exposed area. Not cancerous.

A

Actinic Keratosis

35
Q

Describe the characteristic presentation of Tinea corporis.

A

Pruritic, annular, erythematous patch or plaque that grows centrifugally. As rash spreads outwards, centreal clearing develops.

36
Q

First line treatment of tinea corporis.

A

Topical imidazoles and allylamines.

37
Q

Name 6 common diseases that cause annular lesions.

A

1- Erythema migrans
2- Erythema multiforme
3- Lichen planus
4- Tinea corporis
5- Pityriasis rosea
6- Plaque psoriasis

38
Q

Name the Characteristic rash of lyme disease.

A

Erythema migrans.

39
Q

What antibiotic do you prescirbe to someone with erythema migrans?

A

Doxycycline, amoxicillin or cefuroxime.

40
Q

Describe plaque psoriasis lesions.

A

Pruritic, sharply demarcated, ertyhematous and round or ovoid with silver plaques that bleed easily with trauma.

41
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to infections or drugs.

42
Q

Describe erythema multiforme lesions.

A

Multiple raised, annular, target-like lesions with central erythema.

43
Q

Lichen planus: Describe lesion.

A

Vialaceous, flat topped papules with fine white or gray reticular laxy lines on top of the rash.

44
Q

Ddx for Acne

A

1- Rosacea
2- Folliculitis
3- Seborrheic dermatitis
4- Acne d/t medication or cosmetics
5- Miliaria

45
Q

Ddx for cellulitis (5)

A

1- Statis dermatitis
2- Deep vein thrombosis
3- Contact dermatitis
4- Erythema nodosum
5- Panniculitis

46
Q

Counselling for cellulitis (5)

A

1- Symptoms should improve within 24-48hrs of start of ATB treatment
2- RTC if no response after 72 hrs of tx
3- Rest, elevate, ice affected limb
4- Normal for skin to weep, flake or crack,
5- Must alleviate predisposing factors to prevent reccurent infection

NUR2613 Final Exam (11 decks)

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