Dermatology Flashcards
What is the most common skin cancer in the general population?
BCC
What is the most common skin cancer in the immunosuppressed population?
SCC
What are the two precursors of SCC?
Actinic keratoses
Bowen’s disease
What is another name for a BCC?
Rodent ulcer
Where does a BCC arise?
The basal layer of the epidermis
How does a BCC present?
Slow growing
Asymptomatic
Repeatedly scabs
What are the typical features of a BCC?
Pearly
Rolled edge
Central ulceration
Telangiectasia
What are the three types of BCC?
Nodular
Superficial
Infiltrative
What is the management of nodular BCC?
Excision
What is the management of superficial BCC?
Non-surgical - cryotherapy, topical treatment or photodynamic therapy
Where does an SCC arise?
Supra basal keratinocytes
What areas are usually affected by SCC?
Chronically sun-exposed skin
How is an SCC managed?
Excision
What is acne?
A chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units
Outline the four factors contributing to the pathogenesis of acne
Poral occlusion
Bacterial colonisation
Dermal inflammation
Increased sebum production
What is the main bacteria associated with acne?
Propionobacterium acnes
Define mild acne
Scattered papules and pustules
Define moderate acne
Numerous papules, pustules and mild atrophic scarring
Define severe acne
Moderate acne + cysts, nodules and significant scarring
Name two types of scarring that can be seen in acne
Atrophic
Hypertrophic
What is the basis of treatment of mild acne?
Topical treatment only
What is the basis of treatment of moderate acne?
Topical treatment and oral antibiotics
What is the basis of treatment of severe acne?
Isotretinoin
What skin changes are seen in rosacea?
Papules, pustules and erythema
Name three possible complications of rosacea
Permanent telangiectasia
Ocular inflammation
Rhinophyma
Criteria for diagnosis of atopic dermatitis
Itching plus 3 or more of:
- Visible/history of flexural rash
- Personal history of atopy
- Dry skin in the past year
- Onset <2 years
Complications of chronic scratching in atopic dermatitis
Lichenification
Scarring
Pigmentation changes
Infection
Impacts of lack of sleep with atopic dermatitis
Irritability
Mood changes
Lack of concentration
School problems
Presentation - Severe Icyhthyosis Vulgaris
Dry skin
Hyperlinear palms
Cause - Severe Icyhthyosis Vulgaris
Deficiency of filaggrin
Cause - Severe Icyhthyosis Vulgaris
Deficiency of filaggrin
Associated Condition - Severe Icyhthyosis Vulgaris
Atopic dermatitis
Possible side effects of topical corticosteroid
Skin thinning
Increased skin infections
Telangiectasia
Steroid acne
Name a mild topical corticosteroid
Hydrocortisone 1%
Name a moderate topical corticosteroid
Clobetasone butyrate 0.05%
Name a potent topical corticosteroid
Betamethasone valerate 0.1%
Name a very potent topical corticosteroid
Clobetasol propinate 0.05%
Step 1 management of atopic dermatitis
Emollients
Step 2 management of atopic dermatitis
Emollients + mild TCS
Step 3 management of atopic dermatitis
Emollient’s + moderate TCS
Consider calcineurin inhibitors
Step 4 management of atopic dermatitis
Emollients + potent/very potent TCS
Specialist input
