Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA Revision > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Vitiligo

  1. Appearance?
  2. Pathophysiology?
  3. Treatment?
A

Vitiligo

  1. Depigmentation of skin
  2. Autoimmune attack on melanocytes
  3. Sunblock, make-up to camouflage it, topical steroids, phototherapy, Tacrolimus last line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lichen Sclerosus

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Epidemiology?
  3. Appearance?
  4. Associated risks?
  5. Treatment?
A

Lichen Sclerosus

  1. Inflammatory condition
  2. Elderly women
  3. Itchy white spots on vulva and inner thighs
  4. Increased risk of vulval cancer
  5. Emollients, topical steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pityriasis Versicolor

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Pityriasis Versicolor

  1. Pathophysiology - superficial fungal infection
  2. Appearance and clinical features - Mildly itchy lesions on the trunk (hypoigmented / pink / brown patches +/- scaling)
  3. Treatment - Antifungal shampoo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acne Rosacea

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Acne Rosacea
1. Pathophysiology - unclear, chronic condition
2. Appearance and clinical features - Facial flushing, erythema + papules, end stage rhinophyma
3. Treatment -
Mild = topical metronidazole
Severe = PO Abx
Flushing = topical Brimiodine gel
Suncream, laser therapy, camouflage make-up
No role of steroids!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Seborrheic Dermatitis

  1. Pathophysiology - inflammatory reaction to skin fungal flora in skin folds
  2. Appearance and clinical features - Skin-folds and scalpe, eczematous inflamed lesions. Seen more in HIV and Parkinson’s
  3. Treatment - Head-and-shoulder shampoo, topical Ketoconazole, steroids 2nd line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SJS/TENS

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

SJS/TENS

  1. Pathophysiology - drug eruption (90%), commonly antibiotics, anti-convulsants, allopurinol
  2. Appearance and clinical features - flu-like prodrome, painful+++ red erythematous rash -> blistering. +ve Nikolsky sign (skin shearing with lateral force), mucosal involvement
  3. Treatment - Stop precipitant, supportive / ICU care, IVIg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acne Vulgaris

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Acne Vulgaris
1. Pathophysiology - Inflammatory skin reaction
2. Appearance and clinical features - adolenscence, varying comedomes and eruptions / pustules on face / back / neck / chest
3. Treatment -
1, Topical benzoyl peroxide or retinoid
2, Combination of above
3, Topical antibiotics
4, Oral antibiotics 3m with ongoing topical BP / retinoid
5, COCP if female
6, PO Isotretinion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Granuloma Annulare

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Granuloma Annulare

  1. Pathophysiology - chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity reaction
  2. Appearance and clinical features - Young females. Hands / feet, annular, smooth papules / plaques (centrally depressed, coloured / red bumps, often over joints)
  3. Treatment - self-resolves, topical steroids if not
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Erythema Multiforme

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Erythema Multiforme

  1. Pathophysiology - hypersensitivity reaction triggered by HSV
  2. Appearance and clinical features - Flu-like prodrome, eruption of few-hundreds ot target lesions, start on hands feet and extend to trunk. Polymorphous and may involve mucosa
  3. Treatment - usually self-resolves, if not Pred / Aciclovir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance and clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Pityriasis Rosea

  1. Pathophysiology - Viral rash
  2. Appearance and clinical features - started with “Herald” patch on trunk (single plaque, pink/red, with central pallor), then days later multiple scaly patches over chest and body
  3. Treatment - self-limiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Psoriasis

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Sub-types and appearances?
  3. Triggers?
  4. Treatment - plaque psoriasis?
  5. Max duration of steroids?
A

Psoriasis
1. Pathophysiology - chronic autoimmune disorder
2. Sub-types and appearances
Plaque psoriasis - well demarcated red patches with silver plaques on extensor surfaces
Flexural - red patches in skin folds
Guttate - widespread (trunk), multiple teardrop plaques
Scalp - on scalp
Pustular - pustules on palms, soles
Nail disease - onycholysis and pitting
Psoriatic arthropathy
3. Triggers - traume (koebner), Alcohol, drugs, withdrawal of steroids, strep infection (=guttate)
4. Treatment - plaque psoriasis
1 - Topical steroids / topical Vit D analogues (apply separately)
2 - Vit D analogues BD
3 - Steroids BD
4 - Phototherapy / oral MTX (secondary care only)
5. Max duration of steroids - 8 weeks if potent, 4 weeks if very potent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shingles

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Shingles
1. Pathophysiology - HZV re-activation in reduced immunity, infection via dorsal nerve roots
2. Appearance / clinical features - dematomal distribution or painful, blistering, papular/pustular lesions
3. Treatment
Zoster vaccine to prevent if >60y
Analgesia
Aciclovir 800mg 5d if caught in 1st 3 days of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Impetigo

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Impetigo
1. Pathophysiology - S aures / pyogenes infection
2. Appearance / clinical features - children, honey crusting on face / hands
3. Treatment - Anti-septic and hygeine
Systemically unwell = oral Fluclox
Not systemically unwell = 1% hydrogen peroxide cream / topical fusidic acid
Off school for 48hrs after lesions heal or Abx started

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

  1. Pathophysiology - type 4 (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
  2. Appearance / clinical features - eczema and erythema on areas of contact with allergen, e.g. nickel, hair dye
  3. Treatment - Potent steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

  1. Pathophysiology - non-allergic reaction
  2. Appearance / clinical features - mild erythema, typically hands (soap etc)
  3. Treatment - remove irritant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A 
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
1. Pathophysiology - chronic inflammatory condition
2. Appearance / clinical features - dry and inflamed skin, extensor surfaces
3. Treatment - 
Avoid irritants
Emollients+++
Topical steroids for flares
PO ciclosporin is last resort
17
Q

Eczema Herpaticum

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Eczema Herpsticum
1. Pathophysiology - in people with e zema, severe disseminated HSV infection
2. Appearance / clinical features - clusters of itchy and painful lesions, progressing to systemically unwell with discharging blistering eczematous lesions
3. Treatment - Admit to hospital!
PO Aciclovir +/- Abx if secondary infection

18
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Bullous Pemphigoid

  1. Pathophysiology - Sub-epidermis autoimmune attack
  2. Appearance / clinical features - elderly pts, itchy, tense blisters in flexures that don’t involve mucosa and don’t burst
  3. Treatment - PO/top steroids
19
Q

Pemphigus

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Pemphigus

  1. Pathophysiology - autoimmune attack on dermis
  2. Appearance / clinical features - mucosal ulceration, blisters that break down easily, painful but not itchy
  3. Treatment - Steroids
20
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

  1. Pathophysiology - autoimmune condition in coeliac disease - IgA deposits in dermis
  2. Appearance / clinical features - Extensor surfaces, itchy vesicular lesions
  3. Treatment - gluten-free diet
21
Q

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

  1. Pathophysiology - premalignant lesion
  2. Appearance / clinical features - small crusty / scaly pink/red/brown lesions in sun-exposed skin
  3. Treatment - 5-FU cream
22
Q

BCC

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

BCC

  1. Pathophysiology - benign cancer
  2. Appearance / clinical features - pearly / rolled edges with central ulcer
  3. Treatment - routine referral
23
Q

SCC

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

SCC

  1. Pathophysiology - malignant CA
  2. Appearance / clinical features - enlarging crusted / scaly lumps, may ulcerate
  3. Treatment - 2ww referral
24
Q

Keratocanthoma

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Keratocanthoma

  1. Pathophysiology - type of AK
  2. Appearance / clinical features - dome shaped volcano
  3. Treatment - Surgical excision as may progress to SCC
25
Q

Erythema Ab Igne

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Erythema Ab Igne

  1. Pathophysiology - premalignant lesions secondary to infrared radiation (e.g. fires)
  2. Appearance / clinical features - elderly women with reticulated, erythematous patches
  3. Treatment - refer
26
Q

Lichen Planus

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Lichen Planus

  1. Pathophysiology - T-cell mediated autoimmune attack
  2. Appearance / clinical features - Flat-topped firm papules / plaques with Wickham striae (white lines). Hypertrophic and scaling, mostly on wrists, back and ankles. Itchy+++
  3. Treatment - Topical steroids / tacrolimus / retinoids. PO steroids if widespread, can consider MTX
27
Q

Scabies

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
  4. HIV variant?
A

Scabies

  1. Pathophysiology - burrowing mite infection
  2. Appearance / clinical features - burrowing tracts and surrounding erythema, itchy+++
  3. Treatment - 5% Permethrin 1st line, 0.5% malathion second, treat all household contacts
  4. Crusted scabies - Ivermectin
28
Q

Melanoma

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Prognostication?
  4. Treatment?
A

Melanoma

  1. Pathophysiology - skin CA of melanocytes
  2. Appearance / clinical features - Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variability, Different, Evolving
  3. Prognostication - Breslow thickness / Clark level of invasion, then staging
  4. Treatment - WLE + SN biopsy + immunotherapy may be initiated
29
Q

Alopecia

  1. Scarring alopecia - definition?
  2. Scarring alopecia - causes?
  3. Non-scarring alopecia - definition?
  4. Non-scarring alopecia - causes?
A

Alopecia

  1. Hair follicles destroyed
  2. Trauma, burns, RT, Lichen planus
  3. Hair follicles preserved
  4. Male-pattern baldness, Drugs, nutrition, autoimmune alopecia, stress
30
Q

Erythema Nodosum

  1. Appearance?
  2. Causes?
A

Erythema Nodosum

  1. Tender, erythematous nodules on the shins
  2. Infection, systemic inflammation, malignancy, drugs, pregnancy. IBD!
31
Q

Fungal Nail Disease

Treatment?

A

Only treat if pt unhappy with appearance
Must confirm with microbiology before starting treatment
PO Terbinafine 6w-3m (hands), 3m-6m (feet)
Amorolfine for Candida

32
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Molluscum Contagiosum
1. Pathophysiology - skin infection
2. Appearance / clinical features - pinkish, pearly white papules with central umbilicus, trunk and flexures in children
3. Treatment - self-limiting, but avoid towel sharing etc as contagious+++
Consider HIV in adults

33
Q

Pellagra

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Causes?
  3. Appearance / clinical features?
  4. Treatment?
A

Pellagra

  1. Pathophysiology - nicotinic acid deficiency
  2. EtOH, Isoniazid therapy
  3. Appearance / clinical features - 3 D’s: Dermatitis (sun-exposed areas), Diarrhoea, Dementia and depression
  4. Treatment?
34
Q

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

  1. Pathophysiology - inflammatory ulcers related to chronic inflammatory disorders (IBD, RA, SLE, lymphoma, PBC)
  2. Appearance / clinical features - initial red papules on legs, progressing to deep erythematous ulcers
  3. Treatment - PO steroids, immunosuppressants in complex cases
35
Q

Pyogenic Granuloma

  1. Pathophysiology?
  2. Appearance / clinical features?
  3. Treatment?
A

Pyogenic Granuloma

  1. Pathophysiology - cause unknown, but occur more in pregnancy and trauma
  2. Appearance / clinical features - upper body and hands, small red/brown spot that progresses to a large eruptive haemangioma
  3. Treatment - often self-resolve, cautery or cryo if not

MSRA Revision (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions