Dermatology Flashcards
Where is the lateral nail fold?
L and R edge of the nail
Where is the lunula of the nail?
Just in front of the cuticle (Half moon shaped)
Where is the Proximal nail fold?
Edge of cuticle
Where is the cuticle?
In between the lunula and the proximal nail fold
Where is the nail plate?
The main portion of the nail
Where is the free edge of the nail?
The portion you trip
What is Vellus hair?
short, fine, inconspicuous and relatively unpigmented hair.
e.g. upper arm, abdomen, cheek bones (hair you don’t normally groom)
What is terminal hair?
Coarser, thicker, more conspicuous and usually pigmented.
e.g. top of head, beard, legs, lower arms
What is a lesion?
Any single area of altered skin.
May be solitary or multiple.
What is a Rash?
A widespread erruption of lesions.
What is Pruritus?
The itchy sensasion before or after a rash appears.
What is the ABCDE-EF method?
Method of evaluation moles as cancerous.
A - Asymmetry - is the mole symetrical?
B - Borders - does it have irregular borders?
C - Color - does it have variations of more than two colors? (especially blue-black, red or white)
D - Diameter - is it more than 6mm?
E - Elevation - is it raised?
E - Evolution over time - has the mole changed recently?
F - Firmness - is it firm to the touch?
What is a macule?
A circumscribed flat area of change in skin color less than 1 cm in diameter
What is a patch?
A circumscribed flat area of change in skin color larger than 1 cm in diameter.
What is a papule?
A small solid elevation of the skin less than 1 cm.
What is a plaque?
A larger flat elevation of the skin sometimes formed by papules coalescing.
What is a nodule?
A solid elevation of the skin larger than 1 cm in diameter that usually extends into the deeper skin layers
What is a pustule?
A small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with purulent fluid.
What does purulent mean?
Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus
What is a vesicle?
a small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing clear fluid less than 1 cm in diameter.
What is a bulla?
A circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing clear fluid larger than 1 cm in diameter.
What is a wheal?
A circumscribed, raised lesion consisting of dermal edema and is also known as hives or urticaria.
What is Urticaria?
Red, itchy welts that result from a skin reaction. The welts vary in size and appear and fade repeatedly as the reaction runs its course.
What are erosions?
Loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium.
What are ulcer
Deeper loss of the epidermis and at least the upper dermis.
What are petechiae?
Nonblanchable pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding.
What are purpura?
Nonblanchable raised and palpable
What is ecchymoses?
Nonblanchable larger areas of purpura.
What does erythema mean?
superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries.
What does erythematous mean?
A term used to describe a type of skin rash caused by injured or inflamed blood capillaries. It usually occurs in response to a drug, disease or infection.
see erythema
What is the most common skin cancer?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Describe Squamous Cell Carcinoma
They rise rapidly and generally have a crateriform center; smooth but firm border and are commonly found on sun exposed portions of the head.
Describe Basal Cell Carcinoma
Pink patch that does not heal; may have focal scaling
Where could you find Melenoma?
On sun-exposed or sun-protected skin
- Look for ABCDE features
