Suspensions or emulsions containing 50% hydrocarbons, waxes or polyethylene glycol

Dermatological treatments Flashcards by Lily Rendall

Give advantages of topical emollients?

Direct application

Reduced systemic effects

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Give disadvantages of topical emollients?

Time consuming

Messy to use, inconvenient

Correct dosing is difficult

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What are the types of topical emollients in dermatology?

Gels
Creams
Ointments
Pastes
Lotions
Foam

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What type of emollients have a fire risk associated with them?

Paraffin-based emollients

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Give some emollient prescribing tips?

Apply after bathing
Apply in direction of hair growth
Be aware of slippery surfaces
Use a spatula to remove from tubs

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What are the three key actions of topical corticosteroids?

Vasoconstrictive

Anti-inflammatory

Antiproliferative properties

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What are topical corticosteroids used for in dermatology?

Eczema and psoriasis

Keloid scars
Non-infective inflammatory dermatoses (lichen planus etc)

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What can occur as a result of strong steroids / sudden steroid halting?

Rebound flare of disease

Note* mostly seen in psoriasis

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What is the fingertip rule?

One fingertip unit of topical steroid should cover the front and back of the hand

Usually 1-2g

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List some side effects of topical steroids?

Rebound flare of disease

Thinning of the skin
Purpura
Stretch marks
Steroid rosacea
Perioral dermatitis
Fixed telangiectasia
Tachyphylaxis
Systemic absorption

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When are antiseptics used in dermatology?

Recurrent infection
Skin cleansing
Wound irrigation

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What are antibiotics used to treat in dermatology?

Acne and rosacea
Skin infection
Infected eczematous process

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What are antivirals used to treat in dermatology?

Herpes simplex

Eczema herpeticum

Herpes Zoster

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What are topical antifungals used to treat in dermatology?

Candida

Dermatophytes

Pityriasis versicolor

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Name some antipruritics?

Menthol
Capsaicin
Crotamiton
Camphor / phenol

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What are keratolytics and what are they used to treat?

Drugs used to soften keratin

Viral warts, hyperkeratotic eczema & psoriasis, corns, calluses etc.

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When area cytotoxic & antineoplastic therapies used in dermatology?

Solar damage
Bowen’s disease
Superficial basal call carcinoma

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Give examples of cytotoxic & antineoplastic therapies?

Fluorouracil

Imiquimod

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Give some side effects of topical therapies?

Burning and irritation

Contact allergic dermatitis

Local toxicity

Systemic toxicity

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What are some systemic effects of topical therapies?

Salicylism

Hypercalcaemia / hypercalciuria

Suppression of pituitary - Cushingoid features

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What are ointments?

Suspensions or emulsions containing <20% water and volatiles but >50% hydrocarbons, waxes or polyethylene glycol

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What are pastes?

Stiff ointments which can be used as vehicles for insoluble powders

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What are creams?

Emulsion semisolids that contain >20% water and volatiles and <50% hydrocarbons, waxes or polyethylene glycol

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What are topical solutions?

Study These Flashcards

Clear, homogeneous liquid dosage form for application to the skin

What are topical suspensions?

A solid suspended in a liquid vehicle used as a liquid dosage form

What are lotions?

An emulsion liquid dosage form

What are gels?

Transparent semisolid emulsions that liquefy on contact with skin and dry to form a non-occlusive film

What are foams?

Pressurised liquids added to a hydrocarbon propellant

What are sprays?

Solution or suspension aerosols

What is the first line treatment of psoriasis?

Emollient (reduce scale and itch) Potent topical corticosteroid + topical vitamin D applied at different times

What is the second line treatment of psoriasis?

Emollient (reduce scale and itch) Stop topical corticosteroid and just apply topical vitamin D twice daily

What is the third line treatment of psoriasis?

Emollient (reduce scale and itch) Stop topical vitamin D and apply a potent topical corticosteroid twice a day

When would coal tar preparations typically be used for psoriasis?

In patients with scalp psoriasis

What are the two secondary care management options for psoriasis?

Phototherapy Systemic therapy (methotrexate or ciclosporin)

When would UVB phototherapy be used in psoriasis patients?

Mainly guttate psoriasis Also used for classic and plaque psoriasis

What are the treatment options for seborrhoeic keratosis?

Cryotherapy Curettage

Give advantages of topical emollients?

Direct application Reduced systemic effects

Give disadvantages of topical emollients?

Time consuming Messy to use, inconvenient Correct dosing is difficult

What are the types of topical emollients in dermatology?

Gels Creams Ointments Pastes Lotions Foam

What type of emollients have a fire risk associated with them?

Paraffin-based emollients

Give some emollient application tips?

Apply after bathing Apply in direction of hair growth Be aware of slippery surfaces Use a spatula to remove from tubs

What are the three key actions of topical corticosteroids?

Vasoconstrictive Anti-inflammatory Antiproliferative properties

What are topical corticosteroids used for in dermatology?

Eczema and psoriasis Keloid scars Non-infective inflammatory dermatoses (lichen planus etc)

What can occur as a result of strong steroids / sudden steroid halting?

Rebound flare of disease Note* mostly seen in psoriasis

What is the fingertip rule?

One fingertip unit of topical steroid should cover the front and back of the hand Usually 1-2g

List some side effects of topical steroids?

Rebound flare of disease Thinning of the skin Purpura Stretch marks Steroid rosacea Perioral dermatitis Fixed telangiectasia Tachyphylaxis Systemic absorption

When are antiseptics used in dermatology?

Recurrent infection Skin cleansing Wound irrigation

What are antibiotics used to treat in dermatology?

Acne and rosacea Skin infection Infected eczematous process

What are antivirals used to treat in dermatology?

Herpes simplex Eczema herpeticum Herpes Zoster

What are topical antifungals used to treat in dermatology?

Candida Dermatophytes Pityriasis versicolor

Name some antipruritics?

Menthol Capsaicin Crotamiton Camphor / phenol

What are keratolytics and what are they used to treat?

Drugs used to soften keratin Viral warts, hyperkeratotic eczema & psoriasis, corns, calluses etc.

When area cytotoxic & antineoplastic therapies used in dermatology?

Solar damage Bowen's disease Superficial basal call carcinoma

Give examples of cytotoxic & antineoplastic therapies?

Fluorouracil Imiquimod

Give some side effects of topical therapies?

Burning and irritation Contact allergic dermatitis Local toxicity Systemic toxicity

What are some systemic effects of topical therapies?

Salicylism Hypercalcaemia / hypercalciuria Suppression of pituitary - Cushingoid features

What is used to treat actinic keratosis?

5-flurouracil cream

What is used to treat bullous pemphigoid?

Highly potent topical steroids

Dermatological treatments Flashcards

(58 cards)