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Dermatology > Dermatological Descriptions (Lec 1) > Flashcards

Dermatological Descriptions (Lec 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Structure

(4 Layers)

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Basement Membrane - velcro to hold layers together
    • ​Stratum Basale - absorb UV radiation to protect from environment
  3. Dermis - vital structures
  4. SQ
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2
Q

Skin Functions

(10)

A
  1. Protects from environment
  2. Absorbs harmful UV radiation
  3. Resists mechanical shock
  4. Mediates sensation
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Regulates body fluid loss
  7. Assists bc toxin excretion
  8. Assists in Vit D synthesis
    • ​10-15% vit D prdn from sun
    • Rest from GI
  9. Immunologic barrier to pathogenic organisms
    • ​Langerhan’s cells - WBC in dermis that recognize foreign substances and start a cascade
  10. Affects social/sexual communication
    • ​​Never trivialize this!!
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3
Q

Morphology of Skin Lesions

(6)

A
  1. Color and descriptive terms
  2. Primary skin lesions
  3. Secondary skin lesions
  4. Special skin lesions
  5. Arrangement
  6. Distribution

Report each of these c every dermatologic finding

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4
Q

Dermatologic Finding Reporting Template

(5)

A
  1. Size
  2. Color and descriptive terms
  3. Type of primary, secondary, or special skin lesion
  4. Arrangement
  5. Distribution
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5
Q

Dermatologic Colors and Descriptive Terms

(6)

A
  1. Depigmented
  2. Hypopigmented → Hyperpigmented
  3. Erythematous → Violaceous
  4. Atrophic → Lichenified
  5. Verrucous
  6. Umbillicated
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6
Q

Depigmented

(template category, definition)

A

Template Category: Color/descriptive terms

Definition: Absence of melanocytes, therefore no skin color

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7
Q

Hypopigmented

(template category, definition, comparative term)

A

Template Category: Color/descriptive

Definition:

  • Decreased # of melanocytes but decreased prdcn of melanin
  • Lighter than skin color
  • Appears in healing stages of some rashes

Comparative: Hyperpigmented

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8
Q

Hyerpigmented

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Template: color and descriptive term

Def:

  • normal # of melanocytes but inc melanin prdcn
  • darker than normal skin
  • often d/t scratching c comorbidity
  • heals c creams

Comparative term: hypopigmented

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9
Q

Erythematous

(template category, def)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: redness

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10
Q

Atrophic

(template category, definition, comparative term)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: skin thinning

  • epidermal - “cigarette paper” wrinkling
  • dermal/SQ - palpable skin depression

Comparative: lichenified

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11
Q

Lichenified

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def:

  • focal area of thick skin
  • produced by chronic manipulation (like itching)
  • accenutated skin warts - “washboard”

Comparative: atrophic

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12
Q

Verrucous

(template category, def)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: hyperkeratotic or wart-like

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13
Q

Umbilicated

(template category, def)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: central “belly button”-like depression

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14
Q

Primary Skin Lesion

(def, 6 descriptive categories)

A

Def: initial lesions, not alrtered by trauma (including itching) , manipulation, or natural regression over time

Terms:

  1. Macule → Patch
  2. Papule → Plaque
  3. Nodule
  4. Pustule → Cyst
  5. Vesicle → Bullae
  6. Wheal
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15
Q

Macule

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesions

Def: small (<5mm), flat, circumscribed skin discoloration. lacks surfacce elvation or depression.

Comparative Term: patch

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16
Q

Patch

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Template: primary skin lesion

Def: large (>5mm), flat circumscribed skin discoloration. lacking surface elevation or depression

Comparative: macule

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17
Q

Papule

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: <5 mm elevated solid lesion

Comparative: plaque

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18
Q

Plaque

(template category, def, compartive term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: >5mm elevated solid confluence of papules, lacks a deep component

Comparative: papule

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19
Q

Nodule

(template category, def)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: >5mm elevated, solid, deep lesion

Comparative: nodule, papule

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20
Q

Pustule

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary lesion

Def: papule (<5mm) containing purulent material

Comparative: cyst

Note: these do not always indicate infection. ex - psoriasis is simply an immune response. cultures will be negative

21
Q

Cyst

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: nodule (>5mm) containing fluid or semisolid material

Comparative: pustule

22
Q

Vesicle

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: Papule (<5mm) that contains clear fluid

  • If filled c blood, “hemorrhagic vesicle”

Comparative: bullae

23
Q

Bulla

(template cateogry, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: >5mm localized fluid collection

  • if filled c blood, “hemorrhagic bulla”

Comparative: vesicle

24
Q

Wheal

(template category, def)

A

Category: Primary skin lesion

Def: firm, edematous plaque that is evanescent and pruritis

Note**: iatrogenic creation c PPD, local anesthesia, etc

25
Q

Secondary Skin Lesions

(definition, list 4 tyes)

A

Def: skin characteristics created by trauma (including itching), infection, manipulation, or normal time-related developments

Types:

  1. Scale → Crust
  2. Erosion → Ulcer
  3. Fissure → Excoriation
  4. Scar
26
Q

Scale

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: thickened stratum corneum, secondary to keratinocyte hyperproliferation

  • hyperproliferation evident on microscopy

Comparative: crust

27
Q

Crust

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: collection of cellular debris

  • scab = dried serum, blood

Comparative: scale

28
Q

Erosion

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: superficial focal loss of epidermis that heals s scarring

  • no scars b/c no collagen superficial to dermis

Comparative: ulcer

29
Q

Ulcer

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: full thickness focal loss of epidermis and dermis, heals c scarring

  • *scar d/t collagen disturbance in dermis *

Comparative: erosion

30
Q

Fissure

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: verticle loss of epidermis and dermis. sharply defined walls

  • ie - “cracked” skin

Comparative: excoriation

31
Q

Excoriation

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: linear erosion induced by scratching

Comparative: fissure

32
Q

Scar

(template category, def, two types)

A

Category: secondary skin lesion

Def: collection of new CT that implies dermoepidermal damage

Types:

  1. hypertrophic - too much collagen conserved. scar heals “too well”
  2. atrophic - striae-like depression
33
Q

Special Skin Lesions

(list 6 types)

A
  1. Telangiectasia
  2. Petechiae → Purpura
  3. Comedone
  4. Target lesion
  5. Burrow
  6. Striae
34
Q

Telangiectasia

(template category, def)

A

Category: special skin lesion

Def: small, dilated, superficial, blanchable BV

Note**:

  • means “tiny angiomas,” “broken capillaries”
  • detected c dioscopy
35
Q

Petechiae

(template category, def, comparable term)

A

Category: special skin lesion

Def: < 5mm extravasation of RBC into dermis, nonblanchable

Comparable: pupura

36
Q

Pupura

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: special skin lesion

Def: >5mm extravasation of RBC into dermis, nonblanchable

Comparative: petechiae

Note: violacious purpura = bruise

37
Q

Comedone

(template category, def, two types)

A

Category: special skin lesion

Def: folliculocentric collection of sebum and keratin

Types:

  • Closed = “whitehead,” unoxidized and hard to pop s cutting skin
  • Open = “blackhead,” oxidized and easy to pop
38
Q

Target Lesion

(template category, def)

A

Category: special skin lesion

Def: three-zoned lesion

  • center bull’s eye
  • second pale zone
  • third erythematous ring
39
Q

Striae

(template category, def, 3 causes)

A

Category: Striae

Def: irreversible atrophic violaceous linear damage to skin

Causes:

  1. Topical steroids (never give unlimited steroid refills! follow up c steroid pts to make sure they are not applying them to pigmentation)
  2. Cushing’s syndrome
  3. Excessive rapid growth
40
Q

Burrows

(template category, def)

A

Category: special skin lesion

Def: elevated channel in the superficial epidermis, produced by parasites (scabies, hookworm)

Note**: exist b/c parasites cannot burrow thru dermis so they tunnel around epidermis trying to find the blood-richest areas

41
Q

Characteristic Arrangements

(list 6)

A
  1. Annular
  2. Gyrate
  3. Dermatomal
  4. Linear
  5. Grouped
  6. Koebernization
42
Q

Annular

(template category, def)

A

Category: characteristic arrangement

Def: ring-shaped

43
Q

Gyrate

(template category, def)

A

Category: characteristic arrangement

Def: from Latin, “to turn in a circle”

brain-like

44
Q

Dermatomal

(template category, def)

A

Category: characteristic arrangment

Def: follows neurocutaneous dermatomes

45
Q

Linear

(template category, def)

A

Category: characteristic arrangement

Def: skin lesions in a linear configuration

46
Q

Grouped

(template category, def)

A

Category: characteristic arrangement

Def: skin lesions in a grouped configuration…

47
Q

Koebnerization

(template category, def)

A

Category: characteristic arrangement

Def: traumatized skin produces lesions. this phenomenon (Koebner Phenomenon) only occurs c certain skin lesions

  • lichen planus
  • LN (pediatric dz)
  • psoriasis

Note**: trauma may be a burn, including sunburn

48
Q

Distribution

(significance, three types)

A

Significance: certain dermatologic conditions have specific distribution patterns, so it is vital to describe that when discussing a finding

Types:

  1. Bilateral/unilateral
  2. Flexural/extensor
  3. Malar

Dermatology (2 decks)

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