Dermatological Conditions Flashcards
1
Q
What are the basic layers of skin?
A
- epidermis
- dermis
- hypodermis
2
Q
Provide examples of bacterial infections of the skin
A
- furuncles and carbuncles
- acne
- erysipelas
- impetigo
3
Q
What are furuncles?
A
- pockets filled with pus
- furuncles grouped as carbuncles
- can affect hair follicle
- folliculitis
- causes
- staphylococcus aureus
- red, painful, swollen
- treatment
- draining of pus
- antibiotics in some cases
4
Q
What is acne?
A
- lesions arising from
- comedones
- papules
- pustules
- nodules
- inflammatory cysts
- causes
- follicular sensitivity to testosterone
- propionibacterium acnes
- treatment
- cleansers to reduce excess oil on skin
- antibacterial agents
- benzoyl peroxide
- retinoids
- antibiotic lotions - antibiotics
- tetracycline based (minocyclin) - retinoids
- isotretinoin - hormone manipulation
- anti-androgens (cyproterone)
5
Q
What is erysipelas?
A
- area with defined, sharp, raised border
- may blister and peel
- systemic symptoms
- fever
- rigor
- causes
- streptococcus pyogenes
- treatment
- systemic antibiotics (oral or IV)
- progression
- necrotising fasciitis
- septic shock
6
Q
What is impetigo?
A
- highly infectious skin disease
- crusty, red, blister appearance
- associated with eczema
- causes
- streptococcal bacteria
- staphylococcal bacteria
- treatment
- topical antibiotics
- sometimes systemic antibiotics
7
Q
Provide examples of viral infections of the skin
A
- herpes simplex
- periooral
- genital
- shingles
- herpes zoster
- molluscum contagiosum
- warts
8
Q
What is a herpes simplex infection of the skin?
A
- infection affecting single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes
- activated by trauma
- physical
- chemical
- UV light
- run down
- treatment
- acyclovir
9
Q
What is shingles?
A
- recurrent herpes zoster virus infection
- affects single dermatome
- significant pain
- neural inflammation from virus in nerve
- may persist after rash is gone (post hepatic neuralgia)
- treatment
- high dose of acyclovir
10
Q
What is molluscum contagiosum?
A
- clusters of small papules
- warm and moist areas
- 1-6mm in size
- usually children
- causes
- MCV (pox virus)
- troublesome in children with atopic eczema
- can be extensive in adults with HIV
- treatment
- spontaneous resolution in 1-2 years
11
Q
What are warts?
A
- causes
- HPV (types 1-3)
- spread by contact
- treatment
- keratolysis
- cryosurgery
- excision
- spontaneous resolution in immune competent patients
12
Q
Provide examples of fungal infections of the skin
A
- athletes foot
- tinea pedis
- nail infections
- onycholysis
- ringworm
- intertrigo
- pityriasis versicolor
13
Q
What is athlete’s foot?
A
- infection between feet and toes
- groin can be involved
- usually mix of fungal and bacterial infection
- scaling and sogginess of skin
- treatment
- antifungal/antibacterial cream
- miconazole - prevent by keeping skin clean and dry
- antifungal/antibacterial cream
14
Q
What is onycholysis?
A
- fungal infection of the nail bed
- nail becomes malformed, thick and crumbly
- causes
- tinea unguium
15
Q
What is ringworm?
A
- skin infection found in many parts of the body
- causes
- groin
- tinea cruis
- often spread from feet - body
- tinea corporis
- caught from animals - scalp
- tinea capitis
- inflammation leading to hair loss
- mainly young children
- groin
16
Q
What is intertrigo?
A
- fungal infection due to chafing in moist body folds
- under breasts
- armpits
- inner thighs
- treatment
- antifungal cream (clotrimazole/miconazole)
17
Q
What is pityriasis versicolor?
A
- red patchy skin pigmentation
- pale red or brown in colour
- causes
- pityrosporum orbiculare
- usually harmless commensal
- treatment
- topical or systemic antifungal
- topical ketoconazole
- systemic itraconazole
- topical or systemic antifungal
18
Q
Provide examples of skin infestations
A
- scabies
- lice
19
Q
What is scabies?
A
- infection with the scabies mite
- sarcoptes scabiei
- from skin to skin contact with an infected individual
- occasionally from bedding
- burrows appear on skin
- folds between fingers and on wrists
- severe itching
- rash on trunk and limbs
- occasionally secondary impetigo
- allergy rash so can persist after infestation is cleared
- treatment
- chemical insecticides
- benzyl benzoate
- permethrin
- malathion
- chemical insecticides
20
Q
What are lice?
A
- three types
- head
- pubic
- body
- transmitted by close contact with an infected individual
- also shared items
- treatment
- knit combs
- hot water washing and drying
- chemical insecticides
- permethrin
- marathon
- phenothrin
21
Q
Provide examples of inflammatory skin diseases
A
- eczema
- occupational dermatitis
- psoriasis
22
Q
What is eczema?
A
- inflammation of the skin
- itchy, dry, flaky
- occasionaly weeps
- flexor surfaces of skin or trunk most affected
- atopic
- most common
- develops in childhood
- improves with age
- associated with hay fever and asthma
-contact
- adult onset
- contact with allergen
- perfumes
- detergents
- soaps
- other types
- seborrhoeic
- discoid
- gravitational
- management
- cotton clothing
- emollients
- soap substitues
- corticosteroids (usually topical
23
Q
What is occupational dermatitis?
A
- reaction to an environmental agent
- rash, blister, urticarial swelling
- intense itch
- treatment
- removal of source
- topical steroid if required
24
Q
What is psoriasis?
A
- inflammatory skin disease
- unknown cause
- dysregulated epidermal proliferation
- skin surface build up thickness
- red, scaly patches
- potentially itchy
- treatment
- topical
- emollients
- topical steroids
- dithranol
- vitamin A derivatives
- psoralen uv light A (PUVA) - systemic
- methotrexate
- ciclosporin
- aitretin
- infliximab
- ethanercept
- topical
24
Q
What is psoriasis?
A
- inflammatory skin disease
- unknown cause
- dysregulated epidermal proliferation
- skin surface build up thickness
- red, scaly patches
- potentially itchy
- treatment
- topical
- emollients
- topical steroids
- dithranol
- vitamin A derivatives
- psoralen uv light A (PUVA) - systemic
- methotrexate
- ciclosporin
- aitretin
- infliximab
- ethanercept
- topical
25
Q
Provide examples of immunological skin diseases
A
- blistering conditions
- pemphigoid
- pemphigus
- epidermolysis bulls
- lichen planus
- connective tissue disease
- scleroderma
- dermatomyositis
- Raynaud’s
