Dermatological Conditions Flashcards
1
Q
What are the basic layers of skin?
A
- epidermis
- dermis
- hypodermis
2
Q
Provide examples of bacterial infections of the skin
A
- furuncles and carbuncles
- acne
- erysipelas
- impetigo
3
Q
What are furuncles?
A
- pockets filled with pus
- furuncles grouped as carbuncles
- can affect hair follicle
- folliculitis
- causes
- staphylococcus aureus
- red, painful, swollen
- treatment
- draining of pus
- antibiotics in some cases
4
Q
What is acne?
A
- lesions arising from
- comedones
- papules
- pustules
- nodules
- inflammatory cysts
- causes
- follicular sensitivity to testosterone
- propionibacterium acnes
- treatment
- cleansers to reduce excess oil on skin
- antibacterial agents
- benzoyl peroxide
- retinoids
- antibiotic lotions - antibiotics
- tetracycline based (minocyclin) - retinoids
- isotretinoin - hormone manipulation
- anti-androgens (cyproterone)
5
Q
What is erysipelas?
A
- area with defined, sharp, raised border
- may blister and peel
- systemic symptoms
- fever
- rigor
- causes
- streptococcus pyogenes
- treatment
- systemic antibiotics (oral or IV)
- progression
- necrotising fasciitis
- septic shock
6
Q
What is impetigo?
A
- highly infectious skin disease
- crusty, red, blister appearance
- associated with eczema
- causes
- streptococcal bacteria
- staphylococcal bacteria
- treatment
- topical antibiotics
- sometimes systemic antibiotics
7
Q
Provide examples of viral infections of the skin
A
- herpes simplex
- periooral
- genital
- shingles
- herpes zoster
- molluscum contagiosum
- warts
8
Q
What is a herpes simplex infection of the skin?
A
- infection affecting single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes
- activated by trauma
- physical
- chemical
- UV light
- run down
- treatment
- acyclovir
9
Q
What is shingles?
A
- recurrent herpes zoster virus infection
- affects single dermatome
- significant pain
- neural inflammation from virus in nerve
- may persist after rash is gone (post hepatic neuralgia)
- treatment
- high dose of acyclovir
10
Q
What is molluscum contagiosum?
A
- clusters of small papules
- warm and moist areas
- 1-6mm in size
- usually children
- causes
- MCV (pox virus)
- troublesome in children with atopic eczema
- can be extensive in adults with HIV
- treatment
- spontaneous resolution in 1-2 years
11
Q
What are warts?
A
- causes
- HPV (types 1-3)
- spread by contact
- treatment
- keratolysis
- cryosurgery
- excision
- spontaneous resolution in immune competent patients
12
Q
Provide examples of fungal infections of the skin
A
- athletes foot
- tinea pedis
- nail infections
- onycholysis
- ringworm
- intertrigo
- pityriasis versicolor
13
Q
What is athlete’s foot?
A
- infection between feet and toes
- groin can be involved
- usually mix of fungal and bacterial infection
- scaling and sogginess of skin
- treatment
- antifungal/antibacterial cream
- miconazole - prevent by keeping skin clean and dry
- antifungal/antibacterial cream
14
Q
What is onycholysis?
A
- fungal infection of the nail bed
- nail becomes malformed, thick and crumbly
- causes
- tinea unguium
15
Q
What is ringworm?
A
- skin infection found in many parts of the body
- causes
- groin
- tinea cruis
- often spread from feet - body
- tinea corporis
- caught from animals - scalp
- tinea capitis
- inflammation leading to hair loss
- mainly young children
- groin
