Dermatologic Pharmacology (Wolff) Flashcards
What drugs discussed in lecture are used for acne treatments
tretinoin
benzoyl peroxide
clindamycin
erythromycin
azaleic acid
tetracycline
oral contraceptives
spironolactone
isotretinoin
Tretinoin
Use & Side effect
Use: Topical retinoid for acne vulgaris
Side effect: Local skin irritation, dryness and flaking, sun sensitivity
Benzoyl peroxide
Use & Side effect
Use: Topical antimicrobial for acne vulgaris
Side effect: Local skin irritations. May bleach hair or clothing
Clindamycin
Use & Side effect
Use: topical antimicrobial for acne vulgaris
Side effect: rare risk of pseudomembranous colitis
Erythromycin
Use
Topical antimicrobial for acne vulgaris
What medication kills acne bacteria and decreases the production of keratin
Azaleic acid
What is the side effect of using Azaleic acid
Local skin irritation
List the oral antibiotics used for treating acne vulgaris
Doxycyline, Tetracycline, Minocycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, TMP-SMX
Drugs Treat My Acne Every Time
What are the side effects of Tetracycline
Photosensitivity, GI distress and contraindicated in pregnancy and young children
What hormonal drug treats acne vulgaris and is especially useful for adult women with menstrual cycle-related breakouts
Spironolactone
What are the side effects of spironolactone
Contraindicated in pregnancy; menstrual irregularity, breast tenderness, minor gastrointestinal symptoms, orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia, dizziness, headaches, fatigue
What oral retinoid used for treating acne vulgaris was discussed in class & what are it’s side effects
Oral isotretinoin
Teratogenic (absolutely contrainciated in pregnancy)
Mucocutaneous effects
Hypertriglyceridemia
What drugs were discussed to treat Psoriasis
Psoralen
Apremilast
TNF alpha blockers
Ustekinumab
Secukinumab, Ixekuzumab
What do patients ingest 2 hours before the photochemothreapy treatments of Psoriasis
Psoralen (plant photosensitizer)
What drug inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) leading to increased cAMP levels in cells
Apremilast (Otezla)
What are the side effects of Apremilast (Otezla)
severe diarrhea
nausea and vomiting possible
weight loss
headache most common CNS complaint, but depression, suicidal ideation, mood changes have been observe
What is the MOA of Ustekinumab (Stelara)
Targets proinflammatory cystokines IL-12 and IL-23
What are the side effects of Ustekinumab (Stalara)
- generally well tolerated, but increases risk for infections
- may increase risk for squamous cell carcinomas
- hypersensitivity reactions
What is the MOA of Secukinumab
Targets proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17A
What is the side effect of Secukinumab
- generally well tolerated, but increases risk for infections
- may cause exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease
- hypersensitivity reactions
What drug is a humanized monoclonal antibody against IL-17A
Ixekuzumab
What drug used to treat actinic keratosis and warts has two stages of treatment
What are the stages?
Imiquimod
Stage 1: Initial disruption of plasma membrane and mitochondria leading to cell necrosis
Stage 2: Neutrophil-meidated antibody dependent cellular tocivity
What drug discusses in class is used to treat actinic keratosis & what is it’s MOA
MOA - Inhibits thymidylate synthase preventing DNA synthesis casuing inflammation and destruction of lesions
What topical medications are used to treat basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma
Imiquimod
5-fluorouracil
What drug is used to treat advanced basasl cell carcinoma and what is the MOA
Vismodegib or sonidegib
Oral Hedgehog signlaing inhibitors
What drug is used for the treatment of melanoma and what is it’s MOA
Vemurafenib (if BRAF V600D gene mutated)
MAP kinase pathway inhibitor
What drugs can be used to treat male pattern baldness and what are their MOAs & side effects
Minoxidil - Vasodilates due to K+ channel opening
Finasteride - Inhibits DHT production (can cause sexual dysfunction)
What drugs can be used to treat female pattern baldness and what are their MOAs & side effects
1ST LINE: Minoxidil - Vasodilates due to K+ channel opening
2ND LINE: Anti-androgens (Spironolactone, finasteride, flutamide)
What is the treatment for alopecia
Corticosteroids & Topical immunotherapy (DPCP)
