Dermatologic Pharmacology Crossword

Question 1

Route of administration where pharmacokinetic factors influencing Absorption and Distribution of drug include region, concentration, and vehicle

Answer 1

cutaneous

Question 2

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction that can be caused by substances such as latex and drugs such as neomycin and bacitracin

Sometimes induced as treatment of skin disorder (e.g. psoriasis, alopecia)

Answer 2

contact dermititis

Question 3

The formation of one of these after drug application to the skin may prolong its half-life enough to permit 1/2 day dosing

Answer 3

reservoir

Question 4

Example of a body region where topically applied agents would be rapidly absorbed

Answer 4

Axilla

Question 5

About 50% water and 50% oil with an emulsifier, a base that is useful for covering large and/or wet areas with a drug

Preservatives, etc can cause allergic reactions

Answer 5

Creams

Question 6

Comprised of 20% water and 80% oils, best for dry skin, stay on the surface of the skin and are not well absorbed, permit more complete drug absorption and less likely to cause an allergic reaction

No preservatives

Answer 6

Ointments

Question 7

Refers to substances in moisturizers that form an oily layer to trap water in the skin

Used to treat dry skin

Examples are petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil

Answer 7

Emollients

Question 8

Urea, Alpha-hydroxyl acids, and allantoin are among the agents found in moisturizers to soften this and give skin a smoother feeling

Answer 8

Horny Substances

fuck this class

Question 9

Refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol

Found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of the skin

Answer 9

Humectant

Question 10

Very important component of skincare of health care providers

Answer 10

Moisturizer

Question 11

What is the most common handwashing error in clinical settings?

Answer 11

Inadequate Time

Question 12

What is the most important component of infection control?

Answer 12

Hand Hygiene

Question 13

A common cause of diarrhea due to antibiotic-associated colitis, well-known example where handwashing with soap and water is superior to alcohol-based gels

Answer 13

C. difficile

Question 14

An example of this is titanium dioxide. Can be applied to your nose on da beech.

Answer 14

Sunshade

Question 15

Block this type of radiation was partially the goal of early sunscreens. Also used to treat psoriasis

Answer 15

UVB

Question 16

Applied to skin to kill microbes

Answer 16

Antiseptic

Question 17

These form on surfaces, and are very hard to kill because:

1) resident microbes of different species help each other survive
2) some also form a phenotype that replicates slowly

Answer 17

Biofilms

Question 18

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in homes and hospitals due to efficacy on skin and oral mucosa with low irritability

Answer 18

Chlorhexidine

Question 19

Applied to inanimate objects to kill microbes

Answer 19

Disinfectant

Question 20

This is why synthetic detergents minimize skin irritation during home skin care

Answer 20

low pH, near skin

Question 21

Control that is now considered a priority for optimal wound closure

Answer 21

Glycemic Control

Question 22

This does not promote wound healing

Answer 22

EGF

Question 23

PDGF that stimulates diabetic ulcer repair, but must use cautiously as too much increases risk of malignancy

Answer 23

Becaplermin

Question 24

Important for optimal wound healing

Answer 24

Nutrition

what a stupidass question

Question 25

Agents such as iodine, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide potentially do _this_ to wound healing

Answer 25

**Impede**

Question 26

To heal best, wounds should be kept clean and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

**Moist**

Question 27

Local vasoconstriction due to blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, hypothermia can impair wound healing due to an inadequate amount of _____ in tissue

Answer 27

**Oxygenation**

Question 28

Important component of wound healing, it conserves the local resources by limiting the need to synthesize proteases

Answer 28

**Debridement**

Question 29

Low-pressure implementation of this with normal saline is an important component of healing, especially for larger wounds

Answer 29

**Irrigation**

Question 30

Good wound coverings during the debridement phase of healing

Answer 30

**Hydro Gels**

Question 31

Among the wound coverings preferred during the granulation and epithelialization phases of wound healing

Answer 31

**Low Adherence (and Foam)**

Question 32

Peptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive organisms and some anaerobes; only applied topically to limit systemic toxicity, often causes contact dermatitis

Answer 32

**Bacitracin**

Question 33

Aminoglycoside antibiotic of Neosporin with activity against gram-negative bacteria

Answer 33

**Neomycin**

Question 34

Antibiotic that works similar to macrolides, kills anaerobes, useful for range of infections including topical treatment of acne and for osteomyelitis Associated with increased risk of C. difficile

Answer 34

**Clindamycin**

Question 35

Peptide antibiotic with efficacy against gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas, has a detergent-like effect that damages the bacterial cell membrane

Answer 35

**Polymixin-B**

Question 36

Class of anti-fungal drugs with a wide range of activity, blocks ergosterol synthesis

Answer 36

**Imidazoles**

Question 37

Prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum of activity

Answer 37

**Ciclopirox**

Question 38

Imidazole antifungal drug applied topically for range of fungal infections, also noteworthy as a classic inhibitor of cytochrome P450

Answer 38

Ketoconazole

Question 39

When used to treat thrush, it is held in the mouth before swallowing

Answer 39

**Nystatin**

Question 40

Useful topically for fungal infections such as jock itch and athlete's foot and systemically for fungal nail infections

Answer 40

**Terbinafine**

Question 41

Among the imidazole drugs commonly used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 41

**Miconazole**

Question 42

Antifungal agent with topical effects limited to candida infections, may temporarily stain the skin yellow

Answer 42

**Amphotericin-B**

Question 43

Example of a systemic therapy to treat tinea versicolor (those small discolored skin patches)

Answer 43

**Fluconazole**

Question 44

Among OTC drugs used to treat jock itch and athlete's foot Like terbinafine, inactive against yeasts

Answer 44

**Tolnaftate**

Question 45

topical treatment for lesions due to herpes simplex

Answer 45

**Acyclovir**

Question 46

Class of adrenergic agonists administered topically to treat rosacea or red eyes Examples are brimonidine, oxymetazoline, and tetrahydrozoline

Answer 46

**Alpha-adrenergic agonists**

Question 47

Topical administration formulations have 7 potency classes so that it is possible to taper down to the lowest dose needed to control inflammation

Answer 47

**Glucocorticoids**

Question 48

Characterizes the topical glucocorticoids that should be applied to face, genitals, and skin folds

Answer 48

**Low Potency**

Question 49

Refers to localized pruritis caused by compression/damage to nerves; anticonvulsants gabapentin or pregabalin may provide relief

Answer 49

**Neuropathic**

Question 50

Drug class that may or may not stop the itch, but the associated drowsiness may help

Answer 50

**Anti-histamines**

Question 51

Chronic kidney disease, biliary obstruction, diabetes, hypo and hyperthyroidism, Hodgkin's disease, polycythemia vera and pregnancy are among the common systemic causes of this

Answer 51

**Pruritus**

Question 52

Organophosphate anticholinesterase insecticide, kills ectoparasites

Answer 52

**Malathion**

Question 53

Late choice for treating ectoparasites, works by disrupting GABAergic transmission

Answer 53

**Lindane**

Question 54

Synthetic Insecticide similar to that of chrysanthemums Ectoparasite therapy that blocks membrane repolarizing

Answer 54

**Permethrin** (blocks Na+ channel)

Question 55

Orally administered insecticide to treat ectoparasites Binds glutamate-activated Cl-channels to hyperpolarize the nerve and muscle cells

Answer 55

**Ivermectine**

Question 56

Macrolide among the systemic therapies used to treat acne Not a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, unusual pharmacokinetics in that it is taken up in phagocytes and released by them at sites of infection

Answer 56

**Azithromycin**

Question 57

Retinoid administered orally for treatment of severe acne, powerful teratogen that mandates participation by prescribers and users in the iPledge program

Answer 57

**Isotretinoin**

Question 58

Topical retinoid administered for the treatment of acne, alters gene expression to normalize keratinization, decrease keratinocyte cohesiveness and reduce microcomedone formation

Answer 58

**Tretinoin**

Question 59

Drug class useful for systemic treatment of acne, photosensitivity, GI distress and contraindication in pregnancy and young children due to gray discoloration of permanent teeth are noteworthy adverse effects

Answer 59

**Tetracycline**

Question 60

Component of plant defense against bacteria, active against acne

Answer 60

**Azaleic Acid**

Question 61

Tetracycline used to treat acne, noteworthy for its ability to cause dark pigmentation in skin and sclera

Answer 61

**Minocycline**

Question 62

Anti-inflammatory agent known since ancient times, keratolytic effects due to its ability to dissolve intercellular cement makes it useful for treatment of acne, dandruff, and calluses

Answer 62

**Salicylic Acid**

Question 63

Can be effective treatment for acne in women

Answer 63

**Combination Oral Contraception**

Question 64

Topical antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat acne; local skin irritant and may bleach hair or clothing

Answer 64

**Benzoyl Peroxide**

Question 65

Macrolide antibiotic, among uses is for topical systemic treatment of acne; among the well known cytochrome P450 inhibitors

Answer 65

**Erythromycin**

Question 66

Effective treatment for acne primarily because of its simple/easy to follow strategy

Answer 66

**Proactiv**

Question 67

Biologic DMARD directed against IL-17a, used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and, for some, works much better than anti-TNF therapies

Answer 67

**Secukinumab**

Question 68

Orally administered phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor used to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis

Answer 68

**Apremilast**

Question 69

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are among these agents that revolutionized transplantation therapy (didn't cause bone marrow suppression) Among other uses includes topical or systemic administration for psoriasis and topical administration for anogenital pruritus

Answer 69

**Calcineurin Inhibitors**

Question 70

Very old remedy for Psoriasis: Works but color and smell create a challenge

Answer 70

**Tar**

Question 71

Monoclonal antibody against IL-2 and IL-23, a biologic agent used to treat psoriasis

Answer 71

**Ustekinumab**

Question 72

Radiation that may not cause erythema and sunburn but nevertheless still does contribute to skin aging and photocarcinogenesis Under strict supervision, used in combination with photosensitizer psoralens to treat psoriasis

Answer 72

**UVA**

Question 73

Treatment for Actinic Keratoses derived from sap Causes chemoablation with neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity eliminating remaining tumor cells

Answer 73

**Ingenol Mebutate**

Question 74

Effective topical therapy for actinic keratoses, causes fast-proliferating dysplastic cells to die a thymidine-less death; necrosis/erosion gives way to re-epithelialization over several weeks

Answer 74

**5-Fluorouracil**

Question 75

Topical immune response modifier used to treat actinic keratoses and basal or squamous cell carcinomas Also used to treat genital warts

Answer 75

**Imiquimod**

Question 76

Inhibitors of this signaling pathway can be used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma

Answer 76

**Hedgehog**

Question 77

Treated surgically when possible with 1-2 cm margins and conventional chemotherapy based on dacarbazine Vemurafenib is also useful in the 60% that have the BRAF mutation

Answer 77

**Melanoma**

Question 78

Prototypical non-steroid androgen antagonist, uses include treatment of prostate cancer and male pattern baldness in women

Answer 78

**Flutamide**

Question 79

Blocks the conversion of testosterone to more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone, among its uses is to treat male pattern baldness in men and second-line agent for this in women

Answer 79

**Finasteride**

Question 80

K+ sparing diuretic with partial agonist properties at androgen receptors that can make it useful for treating menstrual cycle Linked acne or male pattern baldness in adult women

Answer 80

**Spironolactone**

Question 81

Refers to autoantibody mediated hair loss that is treated with corticosteroids and/or an agent such as DPCP to induce a contact dermatitis with typical hair growth restoration in the healed skin

Answer 81

**Alopecia Areata**

Question 82

Potent vasodilator due to hyperpolarization via activation of K+ channels, applied topically to grow hair

Answer 82

**Minoxidil**