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SBL1 > Dermatologic Pharmacology Crossword > Flashcards

Dermatologic Pharmacology Crossword Flashcards

1
Q

Route of administration where pharmacokinetic factors influencing Absorption and Distribution of drug include region, concentration, and vehicle

A

cutaneous

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2
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction that can be caused by substances such as latex and drugs such as neomycin and bacitracin

Sometimes induced as treatment of skin disorder (e.g. psoriasis, alopecia)

A

contact dermititis

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3
Q

The formation of one of these after drug application to the skin may prolong its half-life enough to permit 1/2 day dosing

A

reservoir

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4
Q

Example of a body region where topically applied agents would be rapidly absorbed

A

Axilla

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5
Q

About 50% water and 50% oil with an emulsifier, a base that is useful for covering large and/or wet areas with a drug

Preservatives, etc can cause allergic reactions

A

Creams

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6
Q

Comprised of 20% water and 80% oils, best for dry skin, stay on the surface of the skin and are not well absorbed, permit more complete drug absorption and less likely to cause an allergic reaction

No preservatives

A

Ointments

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7
Q

Refers to substances in moisturizers that form an oily layer to trap water in the skin

Used to treat dry skin

Examples are petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil

A

Emollients

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8
Q

Urea, Alpha-hydroxyl acids, and allantoin are among the agents found in moisturizers to soften this and give skin a smoother feeling

A

Horny Substances

fuck this class

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9
Q

Refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol

Found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of the skin

A

Humectant

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10
Q

Very important component of skincare of health care providers

A

Moisturizer

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11
Q

What is the most common handwashing error in clinical settings?

A

Inadequate Time

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12
Q

What is the most important component of infection control?

A

Hand Hygiene

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13
Q

A common cause of diarrhea due to antibiotic-associated colitis, well-known example where handwashing with soap and water is superior to alcohol-based gels

A

C. difficile

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14
Q

An example of this is titanium dioxide. Can be applied to your nose on da beech.

A

Sunshade

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15
Q

Block this type of radiation was partially the goal of early sunscreens. Also used to treat psoriasis

A

UVB

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16
Q

Applied to skin to kill microbes

A

Antiseptic

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17
Q

These form on surfaces, and are very hard to kill because:

1) resident microbes of different species help each other survive
2) some also form a phenotype that replicates slowly

A

Biofilms

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18
Q

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in homes and hospitals due to efficacy on skin and oral mucosa with low irritability

A

Chlorhexidine

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19
Q

Applied to inanimate objects to kill microbes

A

Disinfectant

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20
Q

This is why synthetic detergents minimize skin irritation during home skin care

A

low pH, near skin

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21
Q

Control that is now considered a priority for optimal wound closure

A

Glycemic Control

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22
Q

This does not promote wound healing

A

EGF

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23
Q

PDGF that stimulates diabetic ulcer repair, but must use cautiously as too much increases risk of malignancy

A

Becaplermin

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24
Q

Important for optimal wound healing

A

Nutrition

what a stupidass question

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25
Q

Agents such as iodine, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide potentially do this to wound healing

A

Impede

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26
Q

To heal best, wounds should be kept clean and _______

A

Moist

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27
Q

Local vasoconstriction due to blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, hypothermia can impair wound healing due to an inadequate amount of _____ in tissue

A

Oxygenation

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28
Q

Important component of wound healing, it conserves the local resources by limiting the need to synthesize proteases

A

Debridement

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29
Q

Low-pressure implementation of this with normal saline is an important component of healing, especially for larger wounds

A

Irrigation

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30
Q

Good wound coverings during the debridement phase of healing

A

Hydro Gels

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31
Q

Among the wound coverings preferred during the granulation and epithelialization phases of wound healing

A

Low Adherence (and Foam)

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32
Q

Peptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive organisms and some anaerobes; only applied topically to limit systemic toxicity, often causes contact dermatitis

A

Bacitracin

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33
Q

Aminoglycoside antibiotic of Neosporin with activity against gram-negative bacteria

A

Neomycin

34
Q

Antibiotic that works similar to macrolides, kills anaerobes, useful for range of infections including topical treatment of acne and for osteomyelitis

Associated with increased risk of C. difficile

A

Clindamycin

35
Q

Peptide antibiotic with efficacy against gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas, has a detergent-like effect that damages the bacterial cell membrane

A

Polymixin-B

36
Q

Class of anti-fungal drugs with a wide range of activity, blocks ergosterol synthesis

A

Imidazoles

37
Q

Prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum of activity

A

Ciclopirox

38
Q

Imidazole antifungal drug applied topically for range of fungal infections, also noteworthy as a classic inhibitor of cytochrome P450

A

Ketoconazole

39
Q

When used to treat thrush, it is held in the mouth before swallowing

A

Nystatin

40
Q

Useful topically for fungal infections such as jock itch and athlete’s foot and systemically for fungal nail infections

A

Terbinafine

41
Q

Among the imidazole drugs commonly used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Miconazole

42
Q

Antifungal agent with topical effects limited to candida infections, may temporarily stain the skin yellow

A

Amphotericin-B

43
Q

Example of a systemic therapy to treat tinea versicolor (those small discolored skin patches)

A

Fluconazole

44
Q

Among OTC drugs used to treat jock itch and athlete’s foot

Like terbinafine, inactive against yeasts

A

Tolnaftate

45
Q

topical treatment for lesions due to herpes simplex

A

Acyclovir

46
Q

Class of adrenergic agonists administered topically to treat rosacea or red eyes

Examples are brimonidine, oxymetazoline, and tetrahydrozoline

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

47
Q

Topical administration formulations have 7 potency classes so that it is possible to taper down to the lowest dose needed to control inflammation

A

Glucocorticoids

48
Q

Characterizes the topical glucocorticoids that should be applied to face, genitals, and skin folds

A

Low Potency

49
Q

Refers to localized pruritis caused by compression/damage to nerves; anticonvulsants gabapentin or pregabalin may provide relief

A

Neuropathic

50
Q

Drug class that may or may not stop the itch, but the associated drowsiness may help

A

Anti-histamines

51
Q

Chronic kidney disease, biliary obstruction, diabetes, hypo and hyperthyroidism, Hodgkin’s disease, polycythemia vera and pregnancy are among the common systemic causes of this

A

Pruritus

52
Q

Organophosphate anticholinesterase insecticide, kills ectoparasites

A

Malathion

53
Q

Late choice for treating ectoparasites, works by disrupting GABAergic transmission

A

Lindane

54
Q

Synthetic Insecticide similar to that of chrysanthemums

Ectoparasite therapy that blocks membrane repolarizing

A

Permethrin (blocks Na+ channel)

55
Q

Orally administered insecticide to treat ectoparasites

Binds glutamate-activated Cl-channels to hyperpolarize the nerve and muscle cells

A

Ivermectine

56
Q

Macrolide among the systemic therapies used to treat acne

Not a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, unusual pharmacokinetics in that it is taken up in phagocytes and released by them at sites of infection

A

Azithromycin

57
Q

Retinoid administered orally for treatment of severe acne, powerful teratogen that mandates participation by prescribers and users in the iPledge program

A

Isotretinoin

58
Q

Topical retinoid administered for the treatment of acne, alters gene expression to normalize keratinization, decrease keratinocyte cohesiveness and reduce microcomedone formation

A

Tretinoin

59
Q

Drug class useful for systemic treatment of acne, photosensitivity, GI distress and contraindication in pregnancy and young children due to gray discoloration of permanent teeth are noteworthy adverse effects

A

Tetracycline

60
Q

Component of plant defense against bacteria, active against acne

A

Azaleic Acid

61
Q

Tetracycline used to treat acne, noteworthy for its ability to cause dark pigmentation in skin and sclera

A

Minocycline

62
Q

Anti-inflammatory agent known since ancient times, keratolytic effects due to its ability to dissolve intercellular cement makes it useful for treatment of acne, dandruff, and calluses

A

Salicylic Acid

63
Q

Can be effective treatment for acne in women

A

Combination Oral Contraception

64
Q

Topical antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat acne; local skin irritant and may bleach hair or clothing

A

Benzoyl Peroxide

65
Q

Macrolide antibiotic, among uses is for topical systemic treatment of acne; among the well known cytochrome P450 inhibitors

A

Erythromycin

66
Q

Effective treatment for acne primarily because of its simple/easy to follow strategy

A

Proactiv

67
Q

Biologic DMARD directed against IL-17a, used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and, for some, works much better than anti-TNF therapies

A

Secukinumab

68
Q

Orally administered phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor used to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis

A

Apremilast

69
Q

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are among these agents that revolutionized transplantation therapy (didn’t cause bone marrow suppression)

Among other uses includes topical or systemic administration for psoriasis and topical administration for anogenital pruritus

A

Calcineurin Inhibitors

70
Q

Very old remedy for Psoriasis: Works but color and smell create a challenge

A

Tar

71
Q

Monoclonal antibody against IL-2 and IL-23, a biologic agent used to treat psoriasis

A

Ustekinumab

72
Q

Radiation that may not cause erythema and sunburn but nevertheless still does contribute to skin aging and photocarcinogenesis

Under strict supervision, used in combination with photosensitizer psoralens to treat psoriasis

A

UVA

73
Q

Treatment for Actinic Keratoses derived from sap

Causes chemoablation with neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity eliminating remaining tumor cells

A

Ingenol Mebutate

74
Q

Effective topical therapy for actinic keratoses, causes fast-proliferating dysplastic cells to die a thymidine-less death; necrosis/erosion gives way to re-epithelialization over several weeks

A

5-Fluorouracil

75
Q

Topical immune response modifier used to treat actinic keratoses and basal or squamous cell carcinomas

Also used to treat genital warts

A

Imiquimod

76
Q

Inhibitors of this signaling pathway can be used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma

A

Hedgehog

77
Q

Treated surgically when possible with 1-2 cm margins and conventional chemotherapy based on dacarbazine

Vemurafenib is also useful in the 60% that have the BRAF mutation

A

Melanoma

78
Q

Prototypical non-steroid androgen antagonist, uses include treatment of prostate cancer and male pattern baldness in women

A

Flutamide

79
Q

Blocks the conversion of testosterone to more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone, among its uses is to treat male pattern baldness in men and second-line agent for this in women

A

Finasteride

80
Q

K+ sparing diuretic with partial agonist properties at androgen receptors that can make it useful for treating menstrual cycle

Linked acne or male pattern baldness in adult women

A

Spironolactone

81
Q

Refers to autoantibody mediated hair loss that is treated with corticosteroids and/or an agent such as DPCP to induce a contact dermatitis with typical hair growth restoration in the healed skin

A

Alopecia Areata

82
Q

Potent vasodilator due to hyperpolarization via activation of K+ channels, applied topically to grow hair

A

Minoxidil

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