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SBL1 > Anemia and HGF Crossword > Flashcards

Anemia and HGF Crossword Flashcards

1
Q

Frequently head in anemia, because the thinner blood leaks through the closed valves

A

Murmur

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2
Q

Common symptom of anemia

A

Fatigue

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3
Q

Consequence of peripheral vasodilation due to oxygen-poor blood causing elevated heart rate

A

Low Pressure

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4
Q

Can cause the elastin-rich eye to turn yellow

A

Hemolysis

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5
Q

Common in anemia due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood causing elevated heart rate

A

Angina

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6
Q

Releases Erythropoietin in response to hypoxia; failure of this organ causes a normochromic normocytic anemia

A

Kidney

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7
Q

Anemia in which erythroblasts double protein but were unable to synthesize new DNA; extrusion of nucleus now leaves a large RBC

A

Macrocytic

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8
Q

Hypersegmented in macrocytic anemia

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

Anemia in which the MCV <80 fL; iron deficiency is the most common cause

A

Microcytic

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10
Q

This for macrocytic anemia is aided by measuring plasma levels of folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine and methyl-malonic acid

A

Diagnosis

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11
Q

Sign of anemia that can be evident from a distance

A

Pallor

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12
Q

Whether black and tarry, magenta or bright red, blood loss here can be significant

A

Stool

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13
Q

Among the good dietary sources of iron

A

Meat

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14
Q

Forms when Iron occupies its place in protoporphyrin IX

A

Heme

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15
Q

Contributes to the reason that 2 of the 4 heme moieties of hemoglobin have a bound O2 molecule at 26.8 torr

A

Positive Cooperativity

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16
Q

Adverse consequence of free heme or iron in the body

A

Oxidative Stress

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17
Q

While alcohol is the most common cause of sideroblastic anemia, this environmental toxin can also block heme synthesis to cause it

A

Lead

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18
Q

Approximately half-saturated with oxygen at 2 torr, reason oxygen can be stripped from hemoglobin and stored in muscles

A

Myoglobin

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19
Q

Only actively regulated pharmacokinetic process to control the amount of iron in the body

A

Absorption

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20
Q

Peptide produced by the liver that regulates iron homeostasis, increased levels reduce blood levels

A

Hepcidin

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21
Q

Heme-containing proteins

A

Cytochrome P450

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22
Q

Transports oxygen in the blood

A

Hemoglobin

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23
Q

Production is decreased by thalassemic disorders

A

Globins

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24
Q

Nanoparticle used to treat iron deficiency, can infuse faster than colloidal iron

A

Ferumoxytol

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25
Q

Among the choices for IV administration of iron due to malabsorption or intolerance of oral forms, administration bypasses hepcidin regulation

A

Iron Dextran

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26
Q

This and sustained-release formulations drastically reduces the bioavailability of orally administered iron

A

Enteric Coating

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27
Q

Example of Oral Iron Pill

A

Ferrous Sulfate

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28
Q

Cause nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, anorexia, heart burn and dark stools

A

Iron Tablets

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29
Q

can be severe with oral iron administration

A

GI Irritation

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30
Q

Among the causes of iron loss

A

Sloughing of Cells

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31
Q

Has been one of the leading causes of death by toxicological agents in children <6yo

A

Iron Poisoning

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32
Q

Iron Chelator administered as therapy for potentially lethal iron poisoning

A

Deferoxamin

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33
Q

Period of time required to develop vitamin B12 deficiency, a reflection of daily need vs body stores

A

Years

34
Q

Use of this for analgesia during surgery can cause rapid onset of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms

A

Nitrous Oxide

35
Q

Can readily meet their daily needs of vitamin B12 by eating fortified breakfast cereals

A

Vegetarians

36
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency is suggested when this is red/inflamed and smooth

A

Tongue

37
Q

Refers to anemia associated with loss of intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious

38
Q

Symptoms that, when present with macrocytic anemia, justify parenteral vitamin B12

A

Neurological

39
Q

Needed to generate methionine from homocysteine and tetrahydrofolate from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate

A

Vitamin B12

40
Q

Infection that can cause pernicious anemia in the absence of autoantibodies

A

H. pylori

41
Q

Symmetric form of this +/- alterations in gait and cognition are common neuropsychiatric symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Parasthesia

42
Q

Glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells, complexes with cobalamin to facilitate its uptake via cubulin receptors in the ileum

A

Intrinsic Factor

43
Q

Blocks intrinsic factor-cobalamin interaction or the receptor for it in the ileum, or target H-K-ATPase of parietal cells

A

Autoantibody

44
Q

Potential characteristic of neurological pathology due to Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Irreversible

45
Q

Cobalamin

A

Vitamin B12

46
Q

Appropriate route of administration for vitamin B12 in pernicious anemia provided dose is 500x daily requirement

A

Oral

47
Q

Well known reason for folate intake to be increased

A

Preganante

48
Q

Often expected within a few days after initiating appropriate therapy for microcytic or macrocytic anemia; increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin follow shortly thereafter

A

Reticulocytosis

49
Q

Plasma levels of this micronutrient fall within 3 weeks of inadequate intake from animal products and leafy vegetables

A

Folate

50
Q

Visible GI tract consequences of folate deficiency

A

Mouth Ulcers

51
Q

Potentially especially vulnerable to cognitive decline cause by vitamin B12 deficiency that has been masked by the consumption of folate fortified foods

A

Elderly

52
Q

Folate deficiency may cause this, but is not associated with the neurological problems caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Depression

53
Q

In combination with poor dietary intake, is a common cause of folate deficiency

A

Alcoholism

54
Q

Increases in part due to the increased viscosity of blood caused by epoetin alfa

A

Blood Pressure

55
Q

Blood doping with recombinant forms of this is banned by the Olympics

A

Erythropoietin

56
Q

Cancer chemotherapeutic agent approved for the treatment of sickle-cell anemia because it somehow boosts the levels of fetal hemoglobin, thereby

A

Hydroxyurea

57
Q

Increased incidence of this is a predictable consequence of eculizumab therapy, and overwhelming amount can also cause neutropenia

A

Infection

58
Q

Prevents formation of complement MAC, treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria caused by insufficient GPI-linked CD59 and CD55 on the RBC cell surface that otherwise protects from this type of attack

A

Eculizumab

59
Q

Atypical form of this is an indication for eculizumab

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

60
Q

Recombinant erythropoiesis-stimulating glycoprotein with a.a. sequence identical to erythropoeitin

Administered to treat anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy to reduce the need for allogeneic RBC transfusions

A

Epoetin Alfa

61
Q

This use of filgrastim is considered warranted if calculated risk for getting neutropenic fever is >20% or if its use permits timely administration of potentially curative chemotherapy

A

Prophylaxis

62
Q

A recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, it increases growth and proliferation of neutrophil progenitor cells and also facilitates actions of mature neutrophils

A

Filgrastim

63
Q

For sargramostim, this includes fluid retention, dyspnea due to sequestration of granulocytes in pulmonary circulation, fatal “grasping syndrome” in premature infants

A

Adverse Effects

64
Q

Name means that polyethylene glycol was attached to filgrastim to prolong its half-life

A

Pegfilgrastim

65
Q

Considered severe if absolute count of these cells is <500/microliter

Low-grade fever, sore mouth, severe pain from swallowing, upper and lower airway inflammation and perianal pain and irritation are among its symptoms

A

Neutropenia

66
Q

Recombinant GM-CSF, acts in the bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocyte/macrophages

A

Sargramostim

67
Q

A reason to administer filgrastim +/- plerixafor to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells

A

Leukapheresis

68
Q

Partial agonist at CXCR4 receptors important for homing of hematopoietic stem cells, an expensive orphan drug administered when G-CSF or GM-CSF alone cannot mobilize enough stem cells for autologous transplant

A

Plerixafor

69
Q

Life-threatening complication of chemotherapy

A

Neutropenic Fever

70
Q

Adverse effect of filgrastim, sargramostim, and erythropoietin

A

Bone Pain

71
Q

Although filgrastim can speed the recovery from severe neutropenia, there is less evidence of impact on this for this expensive drug

A

Clinical Outcomes

72
Q

Has potent synergistic actions on early progenitor cells, but cannot be used since this stimulatory effect extends to mast cells and gives rise to severe allergic reactions

A

Stem Cell Factor

73
Q

Indication for romiplostim or eltrombopag, after failure of first choice

A

ITP

74
Q

A “peptibody” has 2 IgG constant regions linked by a peptide; has no homology to thrombopoietin but nevertheless stimulates the thrombopoietin receptor to promote platelet production

A

Romiplostim

75
Q

Orally active non-peptide thrombopoietin agonist approved for treatment of ITP and the thrombocytopenia seen with Hep C

A

Eltrombopag

76
Q

Recombinant form of IL-11, early agent that increases platelet levels via unknown mechanism, no longer has a major clinical use

A

Oprelvekin

77
Q

Stimulates platelet production in vivo, but recombinant forms for treating thrombocytopenia were withdrawn from the market due to frequent autoantibody production leading to profound thrombocytopenia

A

Thrombopoietin

78
Q

Type of anemia frequently caused by cephalosporins and some penicillins

A

Hemolytic Anemia

79
Q

Type of anemia caused by cancer chemotherapeutics, chloramphenicol and benzene

A

Aplastic Anemia

80
Q

Most common cause of drug induced immune thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin

81
Q

Antiarrhythmic drug, a classic cause of drug-induced non-immune thrombocytopenia

A

Quinidine

SBL1 (19 decks)

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