Dermatologic Infections Flashcards
What two organisms are responsible for most bacterial skin infections
-GABHS (group A beta hemolytic strep)
-staph aureus
Characteristics of impetigo
- contagious, spreading, asymptomatic
- honey colored crusts
- occlusive vesicles
- consider wound culture
What is this infectious condition
Impetigo
Treatment for impetigo
- self-limiting
- topicals, washing, dilute bleach bath
- infection control
- return to school when crusts/bullae are gone
What is this infectious condition
Folliculitis
Characteristics of folliculitis
- bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite
- spa folliculitis: pseudomonas aeruginosa
- recent shave/hot tub
- erythematous plaques around follicles
Folliculitis treatment
- self-limited
- soap, benzoyl peroxide
- proper shaving techniques
What is this infectious condition
pseudofolliculitis barbae
What is this infectious condition
abscess
characteristics of an abscess
- painful, purulent, firm base with fluctuant center
- warm, tender
What is this infectious condition
paronychia
characteristics of paronychia
- staph/strep/ candida
- disruption to nail plate
- throbbing, red, swollen, painful, draining
- swab for MRSA if suspicious
What is this infectious condition
Cellulitis
How does lymphangitis present
streaking
Characteristics of cellulitis
- GABHS, Staph Aureus
- not well demarcated
- access into dermis and subQ
What is this infectious condition
Erysipelas
Characteristics of erysipelas
- form of quickly progressing cellulitis
- raised, sharply demarcated
- superficial (dermis)
Cellulitis diagnosis
- assess nidus of infection and MRSA history
- usually red swollen and hot
- do wound culture
- mark it
- watch for necrotizing fasciitis
What is this infectious condition
Meningococcemia
Characteristics of meningococcemia
- super sick
- non-blanching, petechia, purpuric, gunmetal gray
- do CSF culture!
- ICU care
Viral infections of skin
- varicella
- shingles (herpes zoster)
- molluscum contagiosum
- verruca vulgaris (warts)
What is this infectious condition
varicella
Varicella characteristics
- pruritic central to peripheral rash
- 1-2 day prodrome
- very contagious
- no longer contagious once scabbed over
What is this condition
Zerpes zoster (shingles)
Characteristics of herpes zoster
- reactivation of varicella which was latent on cranial nerve/dorsal root ganglia
- precipitated by immunosuppression or stress
- prodrome phase
- dermatomal pattern (UNILATERAL)
What is this condition
zoster opthalmacus
What is this condition
molluscum contagiosum
Characteristics of molluscum contagiosum
- viral
- skin to skin contact
- pearly papules with umbilication
- self limited
- no sexual contact
- itchy, intertriginous, resultin gin scarring/pitting/depigmentation
what is this condition
verrucae vulgaris
Characteristics of verrucae vulgaris
- rough scaly stalk like growth
- black inclusion root underneath
- cauliflower like lesion
- consider biopsy if red flags present
- can inject candida to induce immune response
Types of fungal infections
- Yeast
- Dermatophytes (tinia)
What is this condition
cutaneous candidiasis - intertrigo
characteristics of cutaneous candidiasis
- intertriginous satellite lesions
- yeast grows in warm dark moist areas
- can look like irritant contact dermatitis (more confluent)
- itching, burning
- treat with topical antifungals or oral fluconazole if excessive
What is this condition
tinea
7 types of tinia
- capitis
- barbae
- corporis (ringworm)
- cruris (jock itch)
- manuum
- pedis (athlete’s foot)
- unguium (onychomycosis)
What is this condition
Tinea capitis
What is this condition
Kerion (type of tinea capitis)
- painful boggy mass
- immune response to tinea capitis
What is this condition
tinea pedis
What is this condition
tinea corporis
what is this condition
tinea manuum
What is this condition
onychomycosis
characteristics of onychomycosis
- tinea/yeast/mold
- hyperkeratotic, yellow, separated from nail bed
- thickened opaque, yellow, brown
What to look for if treating with oral terbinafine
hepatotoxicity and liver function at initiation
What is this condition
pityriasis versicolor/tinea versicolor
characteristics of tinea versicolor
- recurrent, summer months, state fair rash
- KOH shows spaghetti and meatballs
What is this condition
hydradenitis suppurativa
characteristics of hydradenitis suppurativa
- recurring around hair follicles, involves sweat glands
- chronic, disfiguring, rope like scars
- painful fluctuant nodules of intertriginous areas
- no shaving or I&D, perpetuates scarring and infection
What is this condition
pilonidal disease
characteristics of pilonidal disease
- inverted hair follicle into natal cleft
- chronic/recurring
- can be surgical consult
What is the term for nail fungus
onychomycosis
what is the best test to order for a patient with onychomycosis
KOH prep
