Derma Flashcards
1 Macule
Pigment loss (hypopigmentation) or excess (hyperpigmentation) in the skin (or mucous membrane) Patch = Macule > 1cm
Eg. morphea, lentigo senilis, vitiligo segmentalis, subungual melanoma
1 Papule
Cellular infiltration in the papillary dermis of < 1cm in diameter
Eg. guttate psoriasis, pigmented nevus, lichen ruber planus
1 Plaque
Cellular infiltration in the papillary dermis of > 1cm in diameter
Eg. psoriasis vulgaris (plaque psoriasis), erythema chronicum migrans, pityriasis rosea, mycosis fungoides
1 Epidermal papule / plaque
Identical to papule or plaque, but the cellular infiltration affects the epidermis
Eg. condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris
1 Nodule
Cellular infiltration in the reticular dermis and subcutis
Eg. erythema nodosum, lupus panniculitis, atypical mycobacteriosis
1 Tuber
Cellular infiltration in the reticular dermis and subcutis
Eg. cutaneous TB, mycosis fungoides, cutaneous sarcoidosis
1 Gumma
Like tuber, but due to tertiary syphilis
Eg. tertiary syphilis
1 Tumor
Tumor cell infiltration in any layer of the skin
Eg. MM, BCC, mycosis fungoides, congenital/compound/pigmented nevus
1 Urtica (wheal)
Circumscribed edema of the dermis
Eg. urticaria factitia
1 Vesicle
Cavity of < 0.5cm in diameter within or below the epidermis containing serous or hemorrhagic fluid
Eg. herpes labialis, acute contact dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, hand foot and mouth disease
1 Bulla (blister)
Like vesicle, but of > 0.5cm in diameter
Eg. pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, II grade burn, contagious impetigo
1 Pustule
Like vesicle or bulla, but the fluid is pus and it can sit in any layer of the skin
Eg. acne vulgaris, furuncle, pustular psoriasis, pityrosporum folliculitis
1 Cyst
Cavity (closed sac) in the skin containing air, serous, pustular (pus), hemorrhagic fluid or semisolid material such as sebum
Eg. epidermal cyst, eccrne hydrocystoma, cystic BCC
2 Erosion
Horizontal lack of a part of the skin (involves the epidermis, basement membrane is intact)
Eg. Hailey Hailey disease, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, contagious impetigo
2 Ulcer
Lack of all layers of the skin (extends into dermis / subcutis)
Eg. leg ulcer, III grade burn, necrobiosis lipoidica, ecthyma, cutaneous TB
2 Excoriation
Erosion or ulcer due to scratching
Eg. schistosomiasis
2 Fissure (rhagas)
Vertical cleft in the skin
Eg. Heel fissures
2 Crust
Dried tissue fluid such as pus or blood mixed with epithelial and/or bacterial debris
Eg. Hailey Hailey disease, pemphigus vulgaris
2 Fistula
Abnormal connection between a hollow space (a cyst or a hollow organ) and the skin surface
Eg. epidermal cyst fistula
2 Scaling (peeling, desquamation)
Shedding of the outermost layer of the skin (pityriasiform, psoriasiform, lamellar)
Eg. psoriasis vulgaris, pytiriasis rosea, lamellar ichthyosis, solar dermatitis
2 Lichenification
Increase in skin lines, wrinkles and creases from chronic inflammation and rubbing
Eg. atopic dermatitis, Sézary syndrome, chronic contact dermatitis
2 Atrophy
Partial or complete wasting away of the skin (shrinking, involution, incomplete development)
Eg. steroid atrophy, lichen sclerosus & atrophicus, scar, chronic discoid LE
2 Scar (cicatrix)
Fibrous regeneration tissue due to wound repair in the skin, replacing normal skin after injury of the dermis and/or the subcutis
Eg. surgical scar, keloid, scarring/cicatricial allopecia
