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Derm Exam 1 > Derm terms and approach to the patient > Flashcards

Derm terms and approach to the patient Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

______ – When the condition was first noted and dates of any recurrences
or remissions

A

Duration

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2
Q

______ – Constant, waxing and waning, worst at night, worst in winter

A

Periodicity

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3
Q

______ – Sun exposure, heat, cold,
wind, trauma, and exposure to chemicals, topical products, plants,
perfumes or metals, relation to menses or pregnancy

A

Ameliorating and Exacerbating Factors

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4
Q

Tools for skin assessment

A

● A magnifying tool such as a loupe, magnifying glass, and/or dermatoscope
● A bright focused light such as a flashlight or penlight to sidelight lesions
● Glass slides or a hand magnifier for
diascopy
● Alcohol pads to remove scale or
surface oil
● Gauze pads or tissues with water for
removing makeup
● Gloves
● A ruler for measuring lesions
● Scalpel blades (number 15 and number 11) for scraping
and incising lesions, respectively
● A camera for photographic documentation
● A Wood’s lamp (365 nm) for highlighting subtle
pigmentary changes

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5
Q

Characteristics of skin inspection

A

● Color
● Moisture
● Temp
● Texture
● Mobility and turgor
● Lesions

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6
Q

Cafe Au-Lait spot

A

Hyperpigmentation
● A slightly, but uniformly, pigmented
macule or patch with a somewhat
irregular border
● Benign
● 6+ that are >1.5 cm suggest
neurofibromatosis

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7
Q

Depigmented macules appear on face, hands,
feet, extensor surfaces

A

Vitiligo

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8
Q

Common superficial fungal infection
that causes hypo or
hyperpigmented, slightly scaly
macules on the trunk, neck, arms

A

Tinea Versicolor

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9
Q

Paleness or loss of color; results from
decreased redness (anemia) or blood flow
(fainting, arterial occlusion)

A

Pallor

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10
Q

Somewhat bluish color of the skin and/or mucous membranes; most apparent in the lips, nail bed, and malar eminences (upper cheek)

A

Cyanosis

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11
Q

Yellow-tinged skin; caused by increased beta-carotene levels, often from a diet high in carrots or other yellow vegetables or fruits

A

Carotenemia

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12
Q

Violaceous patches over the eyelids

A

Heliotrope

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13
Q

Develop as a direct result of
the disease process

A

Primary Lesions

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14
Q

Primary Lesions

A

● Macules
● Patch
● Plaque
● Papule
● Nodule
● Cyst
● Wheal
● Vesicle
● Bulla
● Pustule
● Burrow
● Comedones
● Purpura
● Telangiectasia

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15
Q

Flat lesion with a
change in color, less than 1 cm
Example: Lentigo

A

Macule

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16
Q

Flat lesion with a color change
in color, but it is larger than 1 cm
Examples: Vitiligo, T-cell lymphoma

A

Patch

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17
Q

Raised, solid or cystic lesion less than 1 cm

A

Papule
Common shapes and surfaces – sessile, pedunculated,
dome-shaped, flat-topped, rough, smooth, filiform,
mammillated, acuminate, umbilicated
Example: Lichen planus (flat tops and glistening
surfaces)

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18
Q

Example of papules

A

Lichen planus

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19
Q

Raised, solid plateau-like elevation that has a diameter of 1 cm or larger
Example: Psoriasis

A

Plaque

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20
Q

Example of pathology that has plaques

A

Psoriasis

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21
Q

Example of pathology that has macules

A

Lentigo

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22
Q

Solid or cystic, round or
ellipsoidal, palpable lesions, larger than
1 cm; may be superficial or deep

A

Nodule

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23
Q

Five main types of Nodules

A

(1) epidermal, (2) epidermal–dermal,
(3) dermal, (4) dermal–subdermal, and
(5) subcutaneous

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24
Q

Encapsulated cavity or sac lined with
true epithelium; contains expressible
material, fluid or semisolid

A

Cyst

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25
Q

Example of a pathology that includes a cyst

A

Cystic hidradenoma

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26
Q

Serous fluid-filled cavity or elevation smaller
than 1 cm
Example: Blistering aspect of impetigo, shingles

A

Vesicle

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27
Q

Serous fluid-filled cavity larger than 1 cm
Spherical due to equal pressure. They arise from cleavage
at various levels of the epidermis or the
dermal-epidermal interface (subepidermal)

A

Bulla (blister)

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28
Q

Raised cavity in the epidermis or
infundibulum containing pus which may be
sterile or contain bacteria. May vary in size.
May be white, yellow, greenish-yellow. May
coalesce to form “lakes” of pus

A

Pustule

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29
Q

Example of a pathology with pustules

A

Superficial pyoderma

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30
Q

Larger pustules =

A

Furuncles

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31
Q

Multiple furuncles =

A

Carbuncle

32
Q

Larger area of purulent discharge =

A

Abscess

33
Q

A dilated hair follicle that is
plugged by keratin and lipids

A

Comedo

34
Q

The pilosebaceous unit is open to the skin
surface with a visible keratinaceous plug;
black due to the oxidized sebaceous content

A

Open comedones “Blackheads”

35
Q

The infundibulum of the follicle is closed resulting in ”accumulation of whitish keratin

A

Closed comedones “whiteheads”

36
Q

Superficial,
localized, transient swelling of the skin
resulting from edema; usually
erythematous or pink, and itchy

A

Wheal (Hives, Urticaria)

37
Q

A wavy, threadlike tunnel through
the outer portion of the epidermis excavated
by a parasite

A

Burrow

38
Q

Evolve from primary lesions or develop as a
consequence of the patient’s activities
(scratching, picking, infection, or healing)

A

Secondary Lesions

39
Q

Secondary Lesions

A

● Scale
● Crust
● Lichenification
● Scar
● Keloid
● Erosion
● Excoriation
● Fissure
● Ulcer

40
Q

A flat plate or flake from the outermost
layer of the stratum corneum

A

Scale

41
Q

The epidermis is replaced every ____ days

A

27

42
Q

Hardened deposits that
result when serum (yellow-brown), blood
(reddish-black), or purulent (yellowish-green)
exudate dries on the skin surface

A

Crust (encrusted exudates)

43
Q

Example of a pathology with crusts

A

Impetigo

44
Q

Reactive thickening of the epidermis due to repeated rubbing or
itching. The dermal collagen of the skin is affected and changes

A

Lichenification

45
Q

Proliferation of fibrous tissue that
replaces normal collagen after a wound or
ulcer disrupts the dermis. Often the epidermis
is thinned and the surface appears wrinkled

A

Scar

46
Q

firm papules or nodules

A

Hypertrophic scars

47
Q

elevated, extends beyond the initial
borders

A

Keloid scars

48
Q

A moist, circumscribed,
depressed lesion that results from a
loss of part or all of the epidermal or
mucosal epithelium. May result in
pinpoint bleeding

A

Erosion

49
Q

A pathology example with erosion

A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
(TEN)

50
Q

Surface excavations of epidermis
that result from scratching

A

Excoriation

51
Q

a linear loss of continuity of the
skin’s surface, results from excessive tension
or decreased elasticity; cracks

A

Fissure

52
Q

A defect where the epidermis
and upper dermis have been destroyed
which impedes reepithelialization. The
defect heals with scarring

A

Ulcer

53
Q

bedsores are an example pathology of ____

A

Ulcers

54
Q

Asymptomatic pink papule due to a central
dilated arteriole and very fine branches

A

Spider Angioma (Spider Nevi/Nevus Araneus)

55
Q

Smooth, dome-shaped to
polypoid papules. Early smaller lesions are
cherry-red, and deeper larger lesions are maroon

A

Cherry Angioma

56
Q

Extravasation of blood from cutaneous
vessels into skin or mucous membranes resulting in
reddish-purple lesions. Non Blanching redness

A

Pupura

57
Q

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is an example pathology that has ____

A

purpura

58
Q

Small, pinpoint
purpuric macules

A

Petechiae

59
Q

Larger,
bruise-like purpuric patches

A

Ecchymoses

60
Q

Persistent
dilatations of small capillaries in the superficial
dermis. May appear as fine, bright, nonpulsatile
red lines or net-like patterns on the skin

A

Telangiectasia (Spider veins)

61
Q

Unilateral and lying in
the distribution of a single spinal afferent nerve
root; the classic example is herpes zoster

A

Dermatomal/zosteriform

62
Q

Following lines of skin cell migration during
embryogenesis; generally longitudinal on the limbs and circumferential on the trunk,
but not perfectly linear; implies a mosaic disorder Describing Skin Findings

A

Blaschkoid

63
Q

Lying along the
distribution of a lymph vessel; “red streak
along a limb” implies an infectious agent
that is spreading centrally, usually due to
a staphylococcal or streptococcal cellulitis

A

Lymphangitic

64
Q

Occurring in distal locations, such as on the hands, feet, wrists, and
ankles

A

Acral

65
Q

Occurs where two skin surfaces are in contact

A

Intertriginous

66
Q

Mycosis fungoides is an example of pathology that has this appearance

A

geographic

67
Q

Maculopapular eruptions
with red macules and papules which
become confluent in a symmetric,
generalized distribution

A

Morbilliform

68
Q

Smaller
lesions join into larger groups

A

Confluent/coalescing

69
Q

Scabies burrow or poison ivy
dermatitis (single lesions), or lichen
planus (multiple lesions) have this appearance

A

Linear

70
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans is an example of pathology that has this appearance

A

Serpiginous – Serpentine or snake-like

71
Q

Ring-shaped; implies that the
edge of the lesion differs from the center,
either by being raised, scaly, or differing in
color

A

Annular

72
Q

Example of pathology with an annular presentation

A

tinea corporis

73
Q

Coin-shaped;
usually a round to oval lesion with uniform
morphology from the edges to the center

A

Nummular (round, discoid)

74
Q

plaque-type psoriasis is an example of pathology with this appearance

A

Nummular

75
Q

Flat lesions and their sizes

A

You cannot palpate the lesion with your eyes closed
○ Macule – Lesion is flat and <1 cm
○ Patch – Lesion is flat and >1 cm

76
Q

Raised lesions and their sizes

A

○ Papule – Lesion is raised, <1 cm, and not fluid filled
○ Plaque – Lesion is raised, >1 cm, but not fluid filled
○ Vesicle – Lesion is raised, <1 cm, and fluid filled
○ Bulla – Lesion is raised, >1 cm, and fluid filled

Derm Exam 1 (5 decks)

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