Derm random Flashcards
Which of the following cell types are seen in the epidermis?
A. Merkel cells
B. Langerhans cells
C. Melanocytes
D. Keratinocytes
E. All above
E
Which one of the following structures is considered a skin appendage?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Pilosebaceous unit
D. Subcutaneous fat
E. Cutaneous nerves
C
Examples of skin appendages
- hair follicle (eg) pilosebaceous unit
- apocrine sweat gland
- Eccrine sweat gland
- nails
- sebaceous gland
The layers of the skin, starting from the surface inwards are what?
- epidermis
- dermis
- Within which the cutaneous nerves reside
- subcutaneous fat (also known as the hypodermis)
Hirsutism is defined as the growth of excess hair occurring in androgenic
dependent areas
(eg, the abnormal growth of chest or facial hair in women). The causes include:
- Polycystic ovarian disease
- adrenal/ovarian tumours;
- Cushing’s syndrome;
- acromegaly
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia;
- androgen/corticosteroid therapy.
Hypertrichosis, which is described as
The growth of excess hair in non-androgenic areas can be congenital or acquired.
Causes include:
- hypothyroidism
- malnutrition
- anorexia nervosa (eg, lanugo hair)
- drugs
(e.g. cyclosporin, minoxidil, penicillamine, psoralens)
Dermatitis herpetiformis is most associated with what?
Coeliac disease
Contact dermatitis is described as what type of reaction?
Type IV hypersensitivity - delayed cell mediated
Whats a major side effect of penicillins to be aware about
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
= erythematous rash that has come on, that has a red, ‘scalded’ appearance
What is most associated with psoralen + ultraviolet A light (PUVA) therapy?
SSC
A 55-year-old man with end-stage renal failure is due to have a renal transplant. He has read that having a renal transplant will increase his risk of cancer and would like to know more about this.
The risk to which cancer is he most at risk of following renal transplantation?
SSC
A non-healing painless ulcer associated with what?
SSC
‘A 53-year-old man presents with a nodule on his chin. He is concerned because it has grown extremely rapidly over the preceding week. On examination, he has a swollen, red, dome-shaped lesion with a central defect that contains a keratinous type of material’
What is this describing?
Keratoacanthoma
How can the pattern of telangiectasia help differentiate basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from other skin lesions?
In BCC, telangiectasia (small visible blood vessels) are usually seen on the rolled, pearly edge of the lesion. If the blood vessels are scattered randomly around the lesion, it’s less likely to be BCC
Trauma is a common precipitant of what?
pyogenic granuloma = contact bleeding, and ulceration are common
A non-healing, painless ulcer associated with a chronic scar is indicative of what?
SSC
A 25-year-old lady presents to the GP with itchy eyes. She describes a gritty feeling in both her eyes and has noticed that they stick together in the morning. The grittiness is also worse first thing when she wakes up. She complains of no other symptoms.
Given her presentation, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Blepharitis
‘A 21-year-old lady presents with a nodule on the posterior aspect of her right calf. It has been present at the site for the past 6 months and occurred at the site of a previous insect bite. Although the nodule appears small, on palpation it seems to be nearly twice the size it appears on examination. The overlying skin is faintly pigmented’
What is this describing?
Dermatofibroma
‘A 28-year-old female presents with a small nodule on the back of her neck. It is excised for cosmetic reasons, and the histology report states that the lesion consists of a sebum-filled lesion surrounded by the outer root sheath of a hair follicle’
What is this describing?
Pilar cyst
= Pilar cysts may contain foul smelling cheesy material and are surrounded by the outer part of a hair follicle
‘A 30-year-old man cuts the corner of his lip whilst shaving. Over the next few days, a large purplish lesion appears at the site, which bleeds on contact’
What is this describing?
Pyogenic granuloma
What diseases are associated with onycholysis - lifting of the nail bed?
- Psoriasis
- Eczema = atopic dermatitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease)
- Hypothyroidism (myxedema)
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Leukaemia
- Chronic sinusitis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Tinea unguium
- Ringworm)
What diseases show pitting of the nails?
- Psoriasis
- Eczema = atopic dermatitis
- Alopecia areata
- Psoriatic arthritis
What diseases show HLA-DQ2/DQ8?
- Coeliac disease
- Type 1 diabetes (also DR3/DR4)
Name key examples of tumour suppressor genes associated with inherited cancer syndromes or sporadic cancers
- BRCA1
- p53
- BRCA2
- APC
- Rb
- NF1
- WT1
- multiple tumour suppressor 1 (MTS-1, p16
