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pharmacotherapy > Derm Patches > Flashcards

Derm Patches Flashcards

1
Q

What elements should be considered when utilizing patches as the main dosage form?

A

Site of Action
Bioactivity and physiochemical properties of drugs
Formulation excipients and adhesion
Delivery system
Skin structure

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2
Q

What is the rate limiting step for patch absorption?

A

Stratum Corneum

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3
Q

What are the steps of diffusion?

A
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4
Q

What is the objective for dermal therapeutic systems?

A

Maximize delivery of drugs into desired regions

Intended for localized effects

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5
Q

What are the advantages of Dermal therapeutic systems?

A

Uniform delivery
Longer duration
Deeper penetration
Reduced side effects

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of dermal therapeutic systems?

A

The size of the patch will only be affected to that specific area if the site of action is non-systemically absorbed.

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7
Q

What is EMLA?

A

This is a mixture of local anesthetics inclusive of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine.

It is used on areas of normal and unbroken skin to prevent pain before procedures. Possibly used in vaccinations

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8
Q

A side effect of the dermal patch?

A

Local skin irritation due to adhesive

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9
Q

What is an occlusive dressing?

A

Enhances the efficacy of topically applied steroid preaprations

Like flexible hydro active dressing

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10
Q

What are some other common OTC dermal therapeutic systems?

A

Salicylic acid for the treatment of corns/warts

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11
Q

What are the advantages of using occlusive dressings?

A

It increases penetration and absorption of topically applied medications

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12
Q

What is Actiderm?

A

An occlusive dressing

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13
Q

Why is SA not recomended for people with circulatory issues?

A

it is because with these specific medical conditions it can increase the permeability of the skin

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14
Q

What is a bipatch?

A

A hydrophillic polyurethane foam/sponge that contains broad spectrum antimicrobrial agent

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15
Q

What is the indication for a biopatch?

A

Reduced catheter-releated blood stream infections

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16
Q

Benefit of biopatch?

A

Wrapped around percutaneous devices that reduces the risk of infection to the area

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17
Q

What are TCCDs?

A

Transcutaneous chemical collection devices

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18
Q

What is the purpose of TCCDs?

A

Drug monitoring
Presence of drug of abuse
Toxic chemicals in the workplace
Monitoring the level of medically important endogenous compounds

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19
Q

What is another name for TCCDs?

A

Dermal diagnostic systems

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20
Q

What is the Sweat sticker?

A

CF indicator system is a test that is issued for those who have suspected cystic fibrosis

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21
Q

What occurs with CF indicator system?

A

If the patient has high concentrations of Na and Cl then the patients sticker will cahnge colour if the concentration is above 45mM

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22
Q

Where does Dexcom measure glucose?

A

Measures glucose in the subcutaneous fatty tissues, indirect from systemic circulation

23
Q

Major limitation to transdermal drug delivery?

A

Is the skin barrier itself plus the metabolically active layers of skin have biotransformation capacity

24
Q

What is the intention of transdermal delivery systems/

A

Intention is to have systemic access

25
Q

Advantages of transdermal delivery?

A

Avoid GI absorption difficulties
Is an alterantive to oral or parenteral administration
avoids first pass hepatic metabolism
Multiday therapy can be achieved
Easy to terminate
Smooth plasma concentration of drug without significant fluctuations
Easy for self administration

26
Q

Disadvantages of transdermal delivery?

A

Local irritation
Potency (Only high potent drugs)
Some metabolic activity within the skin epithelial
Cost
Inter and intra individual variability

27
Q

What is a key counselling point for skin preparation for patches?

A

Remove dirt lotions oils or powders

28
Q

What is important when handling a patch?

A

Not to tear or cut the patch

29
Q

How do you apply a patch?

A

With the palm of you hand and smooth down

30
Q

should you have the area where you are applying the patch?

A

No because this can lead to increases irritation AND higher drug exposure

31
Q

Should you use heat on your body when using a patch?

A

No

32
Q

How do you dispose of a patch?

A

Fold it in half

33
Q

What are good drug candidates for transdermal delivery?

A
34
Q

What are the four types of TDS we discussed?

A

Reservoir type
Matrix type
Drug in adhesive type
Dot matrix

35
Q

What is a reservoir type patch design?

A

Separate drug compartment that contains drug solution or suspension in a reservoir space

36
Q

What controls the drug release in a reservoir type?

A

Membrane controls the kinetics of release which = controls the passage of drug and other formulation excipients

37
Q

What order of kinetics is the Reservoir type following?

A

Zero order kinetics

38
Q

Describe the components of the reservoir type patch

A
39
Q

What is the disadvantages of the reservoir type patch?

A

Vulnerable to burst
Rupture of the membrane due to material defect, wear, inadvertent puncture

40
Q

What is a matrix type transdermal therapeutic system?

A

Contains drug solution or suspension form in a matrix

The drug containing semisolid disc is held in contact with the skin instead of the permeating the adhesive

41
Q

What does the formulation contain with matrix type transdermal therapeutic systems?

A

Drug dissolved suspended in a semisolid
Penetration enhancer

42
Q

What is important with transderm nitro paches?

A

It is important to note that because of the differences in patches they are generally not interchangeable with other patches

43
Q

What is the difference between reservoir and matrix type?

A

No membrane in matrix

44
Q

What is the drug delivery control in a matrix type?

A

Rate controlling matrix and the stratum corneum

45
Q

What is the adhesive of the matrix type?

A

matrix itself but i can also be a separate layer

46
Q

What is the disadvantages of a matrix type patch?

A

Protective overlay maybe mistaken for the part ot be applied on the skin,

Total patch surface area can be al ot oarger than the actual drug delivery system

47
Q

What is a drug in adhesive type patch with respect to the drug compartment?

A

Contains the drug dissolved in an adhesive formulation
Represent the state of the art transdermal delivery system design
Extremely comfortable
Very thin

48
Q

What is the drug delivery control in drug in adhesive patch?

A

Rate controlling adhesive and stratum corneum where it follows first order kinetics of drug release

49
Q

What is the multi laminate drug in adhesive characteristic?

A

Can be used where more drug can be released through the membrane in the upper DIA compartment into the lower DIA compartment

50
Q

What is the disadvantages of Drug in adhesive characteristic?

A

First order release is hard to maintain when the concentration in adhesive falls hence we have the other laminate layer which diffuses

51
Q

What is Dot matrix patch?

A

Where we have a high concentration of drug incorporated in an acrylic layer.

52
Q

What is the main adhesive of a dot matrix patch?

A

Silicone polymer

53
Q

What is the daily dose of the dot matrix patch?

A

0.025mg per day

54
Q
A

pharmacotherapy (6 decks)

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