Derm Meds Flashcards
1
Q
Ointments
A
oil base that makes them stickier than creams and better for smaller areas
2
Q
Creams
A
have a water base which makes them better for larger surfaces
3
Q
Gels
A
enhance penetration of the active ingredient
4
Q
Bacitracin
A
- polypeptide antibiotic
- treat or prevent local skin infections
- works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis leading to cell death
- bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
- available in ointment form
- minimal adverse reaction (rash, itching, burning, inflammation)
5
Q
Neosporin
A
- contains bacitracin which many people can develop an allergy to over time
- contains: bacitracin, polymyxin B, Neomycin
- available in ointments (triple antibiotic) and creams (double antibiotic)
6
Q
Polysporin
A
- contains: bacitracin, polymyxin B
- double antibiotic
- ointments and gels
7
Q
Mupirocin
A
- Bactroban
- used topically for staphylococcus and streprococcus impetigo
- intranasal form for MRSA
- available by prescription
- adverse reactions: local burning, itching or pain
8
Q
Silver Sulfadiazine
A
- Silvadene
- topical antiinfective
- used to prevent or treat infection at the site of 2nd and 3rd degree burns
- applied with sterile gloves
- adverse effects: pain, burning and itching
9
Q
Benzoyl Peroxide
A
- antiacne drugs
- causes death of anaerobic P.acnes bacteria by slowly releasing oxygen
- antibacterial, antiseptic, drying and keratolytic actions
- Adverse effects: peeling skin, redness, warmth
- improvement in 4-6 weeks
- avaialable in cleansing bar, liquid lotion, mask, cream, gel, and cleanser
- pregnancy category C
10
Q
Ketarolytic
A
softens scales and loosens the outer layer of the skin
11
Q
Clindamycin (cleocin T)
A
- antibiotic
- topically used to treat acne
- adverse reactions: minor local skin reactions such as burning, itching, dryness, oiliness and peeling
- pregnancy category B
12
Q
Isotretinoin
A
- Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret
- oral treatment of severe resistant cystic acne
- inhibits sebaceous gland activity and has antikeratinizing and antiinflammatory effects
- pregnancy category X
- causes severe dryness of all mucous membranes
13
Q
Isotretinoin (guidelines)
A
- requires patient counseling regarding the use of 2 forms of contraception and not becoming pregnant during use of 1 mo. after use
- required iPLEDGE program for safety
- have been case reports of suicide and suicide attempts in patients receiving this med.
14
Q
Tretinoin
A
- retionoic acid, Vitamin A acid
- Renova, Retin-A
- used to treat acne and anti-aging (fine lines, wrinkles)
- also used to reduce dermatologic changes associated with sun damage
- stimulates the turnover of epithelial cells, results in skin peeling
- severe sunburn can occur with this drug
- start by using only 2-3 times per week and increase as tolerated
- all topical forms are category C
15
Q
Candida albicans
A
- yeastlike opportunistic fungus present in the normal flora of the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract
16
Q
Clotrimazole
A
- Lotrimin, Mycelex - G
- otc and prescription
- lozenge for oral candidiasis (thrush)
- vaginal suppository or cream for yeast infection
- other forms used for other funcgal infections
17
Q
Miconazole
A
- Monistat
- OTC and prescription
- topical cream
- vaginal suppository or cream
18
Q
Nystatin
A
- cream, ointment, powder
- powder commonly used in the skin folds
19
Q
Acyclovir (Zovirax) and Penciclovir (Denavir)
A
- both used to treat initial and recurrent herpes simplex 1 and 2 and human papillomavirus infections
- do not cure viral skin infections but may reduce healing time and pain
- systemic drugs have been shown to be better for controlling viral skin conditions so topical is not as commonly used
20
Q
Topical Anesthetic Drugs
A
- inhibit the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves
- treats pain or pruritus associated with insect bites, sunburn, poison ivy exposure
- numbs skin before painful injection
- ointments, creams, sprays, liquids, jellies
- EMLA: lidocaine-prilocaine combination (apply 1 hr before procedure)
- Ela-max: lidocaine (apply 30 min before procedure)
21
Q
Topical antipruritic drugs (antihistamines)
A
- diphenhydramine
- loratadine (claritin)
- fexofenadine (allergra)
- cetirizine (zyrtec)
22
Q
Topical Antipruritic Drugs (corticosteroids)
A
- antiinflammatory effects
- antipruritic effects
- vasoconstrictor actions
- can result in adrenal supression, especially is large area is covered and occlusive dressings are used
- ointments most potent delivery system
23
Q
Topical antipruritic drugs (adverse effects)
A
- acne
- allergic contact dermatitis
- burning
- dryness
- skin fragility (atrophy)
- purpura
- hirsutism
- round and swollen face
- alopecia
- an opportunistic overgrowth of bacteria, fungi, or viruses as a result of immunosuppressive effects of drug
24
Q
Higher potency corticosteroids
A
- betamethasone dipropionate (cream and ointment)
- clobetasol propionate
- halobetasol propionate
- diflorasone dicatate
25
Q
Moderate potency corticosteroids
A
Amcinonide, betamethasone dipropionate (cream), betamethasone benzoate, betamethasone valerate (0.1% cream, ointment, and lotion), desoximetasone (0.05% cream), desoximetasone, fluocinolone, halcinonide, fluocinolone (cream and ointment), flurandrenolide, mometasone, triamcinolone acetonide (0.5% cream and ointment)
26
Q
Lower Potency corticosteroids
A
Alclometasone, desonide, fluocinolone (0.01% solution), triamcinolone (0.1% cream, lotion), hydrocortisone, dexamethasone
27
Q
Antipsoriatic drugs
A
- treatments usually begin with topical corticosteroids
- tar-containing products were among the 1st meds used for psoriasis
- antiseptic, antibacterial, antiseborrheic properties
- soften and loosen scaly or crusty areas of the skin
- shampoo, oil, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, soap-foam
28
Q
Biologic drugs for psoriasis
A
- ibalizumab (Taltz)
- secukinumab (cosentyx)
- apremilast (otezla)
- adalimumab (humira)
- brodalumab (siliq)
- etanercept (enbrel)
- guselkumab (tremfya)
- risankizumab (skyrizi)
- ustekinumab (stelara)
Adverse effects: increased risk of infection (patients must be screened prior to starting and yearly for TB)
29
Q
Ectoparasites
A
- insects that live on the outer surface of the body
30
Q
Pediculosis
A
- parasitic infestiation on the skin with lice
- pediculosis pubis: pubic louse or “crabs”
- pediculosis corporis: body louse
- pediculosis capitis - head louse
31
Q
Scabies
A
- transmitted from person to person by close contact, such as by sleeping next to an infested person
- the scabies mite causes irritation and itching by boring into the horny layers of skin located in cracks and folds
32
Q
Permethrin (elimite)
A
- synthetic pyrethroid
- it can be used to treat head or pubic lice and scabies
- permethrin is available as a 5% cream or 1% lotion
33
Q
Minoxidil (Rogaine)
A
- applied on scalp to stimulate hair growth by having a vasodilating effect
- can be used by both men and women who experience baldness or hair-thinning
34
Q
Finasteride (proscar, 5mg)
A
- oral med used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
- pregnancy category x, women are not able to handle this drug without glove or crush this drug, making it airborne
35
Q
Sunscreens
A
- rated by sun protection factor (SPF) which can range from 2-50 or higher, in order of increasing potency of UV protection
- only SPF 15 can state thay they reduce risk of skin cancer or early skin aging
36
Q
Isoptopyl alcohol (70%)
A
- most commonly used to prepare the skin before minor procedures such as drawing blood or giving injections
- has been shown to lower the bacterial count for 20-40 min after application
37
Q
Flurouracil
A
- treats basal cell carcinoma and premalignant skin lesions such as actinic keratosis
- antimetabolite that acts by interfering with key cellular metabolic reactions, destroying rapidly growing cells, such as premalignant and malignant cells
- Adverse effects: local inflammation, photosensitivity, painful eroded areas
Serious effects of swelling, scaling, pain, pruritus, suppuration, scarring, and hyperpigmentation - Apply once or twice a day for 2 – 6 weeks
- Healing may take up to 4 weeks after medication is stopped
