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Patho/Pharm > Derm Meds > Flashcards

Derm Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Ointments

A

oil base that makes them stickier than creams and better for smaller areas

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2
Q

Creams

A

have a water base which makes them better for larger surfaces

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3
Q

Gels

A

enhance penetration of the active ingredient

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4
Q

Bacitracin

A
  • polypeptide antibiotic
  • treat or prevent local skin infections
  • works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis leading to cell death
  • bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
  • available in ointment form
  • minimal adverse reaction (rash, itching, burning, inflammation)
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5
Q

Neosporin

A
  • contains bacitracin which many people can develop an allergy to over time
  • contains: bacitracin, polymyxin B, Neomycin
  • available in ointments (triple antibiotic) and creams (double antibiotic)
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6
Q

Polysporin

A
  • contains: bacitracin, polymyxin B
  • double antibiotic
  • ointments and gels
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7
Q

Mupirocin

A
  • Bactroban
  • used topically for staphylococcus and streprococcus impetigo
  • intranasal form for MRSA
  • available by prescription
  • adverse reactions: local burning, itching or pain
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8
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine

A
  • Silvadene
  • topical antiinfective
  • used to prevent or treat infection at the site of 2nd and 3rd degree burns
  • applied with sterile gloves
  • adverse effects: pain, burning and itching
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9
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A
  • antiacne drugs
  • causes death of anaerobic P.acnes bacteria by slowly releasing oxygen
  • antibacterial, antiseptic, drying and keratolytic actions
  • Adverse effects: peeling skin, redness, warmth
  • improvement in 4-6 weeks
  • avaialable in cleansing bar, liquid lotion, mask, cream, gel, and cleanser
  • pregnancy category C
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10
Q

Ketarolytic

A

softens scales and loosens the outer layer of the skin

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11
Q

Clindamycin (cleocin T)

A
  • antibiotic
  • topically used to treat acne
  • adverse reactions: minor local skin reactions such as burning, itching, dryness, oiliness and peeling
  • pregnancy category B
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12
Q

Isotretinoin

A
  • Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret
  • oral treatment of severe resistant cystic acne
  • inhibits sebaceous gland activity and has antikeratinizing and antiinflammatory effects
  • pregnancy category X
  • causes severe dryness of all mucous membranes
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13
Q

Isotretinoin (guidelines)

A
  • requires patient counseling regarding the use of 2 forms of contraception and not becoming pregnant during use of 1 mo. after use
  • required iPLEDGE program for safety
  • have been case reports of suicide and suicide attempts in patients receiving this med.
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14
Q

Tretinoin

A
  • retionoic acid, Vitamin A acid
  • Renova, Retin-A
  • used to treat acne and anti-aging (fine lines, wrinkles)
  • also used to reduce dermatologic changes associated with sun damage
  • stimulates the turnover of epithelial cells, results in skin peeling
  • severe sunburn can occur with this drug
  • start by using only 2-3 times per week and increase as tolerated
  • all topical forms are category C
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15
Q

Candida albicans

A
  • yeastlike opportunistic fungus present in the normal flora of the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract
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16
Q

Clotrimazole

A
  • Lotrimin, Mycelex - G
  • otc and prescription
  • lozenge for oral candidiasis (thrush)
  • vaginal suppository or cream for yeast infection
  • other forms used for other funcgal infections
17
Q

Miconazole

A
  • Monistat
  • OTC and prescription
  • topical cream
  • vaginal suppository or cream
18
Q

Nystatin

A
  • cream, ointment, powder
  • powder commonly used in the skin folds
19
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax) and Penciclovir (Denavir)

A
  • both used to treat initial and recurrent herpes simplex 1 and 2 and human papillomavirus infections
  • do not cure viral skin infections but may reduce healing time and pain
  • systemic drugs have been shown to be better for controlling viral skin conditions so topical is not as commonly used
20
Q

Topical Anesthetic Drugs

A
  • inhibit the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves
  • treats pain or pruritus associated with insect bites, sunburn, poison ivy exposure
  • numbs skin before painful injection
  • ointments, creams, sprays, liquids, jellies
  • EMLA: lidocaine-prilocaine combination (apply 1 hr before procedure)
  • Ela-max: lidocaine (apply 30 min before procedure)
21
Q

Topical antipruritic drugs (antihistamines)

A
  • diphenhydramine
  • loratadine (claritin)
  • fexofenadine (allergra)
  • cetirizine (zyrtec)
22
Q

Topical Antipruritic Drugs (corticosteroids)

A
  • antiinflammatory effects
  • antipruritic effects
  • vasoconstrictor actions
  • can result in adrenal supression, especially is large area is covered and occlusive dressings are used
  • ointments most potent delivery system
23
Q

Topical antipruritic drugs (adverse effects)

A
  • acne
  • allergic contact dermatitis
  • burning
  • dryness
  • skin fragility (atrophy)
  • purpura
  • hirsutism
  • round and swollen face
  • alopecia
  • an opportunistic overgrowth of bacteria, fungi, or viruses as a result of immunosuppressive effects of drug
24
Q

Higher potency corticosteroids

A
  • betamethasone dipropionate (cream and ointment)
  • clobetasol propionate
  • halobetasol propionate
  • diflorasone dicatate
25
Q

Moderate potency corticosteroids

A

Amcinonide, betamethasone dipropionate (cream), betamethasone benzoate, betamethasone valerate (0.1% cream, ointment, and lotion), desoximetasone (0.05% cream), desoximetasone, fluocinolone, halcinonide, fluocinolone (cream and ointment), flurandrenolide, mometasone, triamcinolone acetonide (0.5% cream and ointment)

26
Q

Lower Potency corticosteroids

A

Alclometasone, desonide, fluocinolone (0.01% solution), triamcinolone (0.1% cream, lotion), hydrocortisone, dexamethasone

27
Q

Antipsoriatic drugs

A
  • treatments usually begin with topical corticosteroids
  • tar-containing products were among the 1st meds used for psoriasis
  • antiseptic, antibacterial, antiseborrheic properties
  • soften and loosen scaly or crusty areas of the skin
  • shampoo, oil, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, soap-foam
28
Q

Biologic drugs for psoriasis

A
  • ibalizumab (Taltz)
  • secukinumab (cosentyx)
  • apremilast (otezla)
  • adalimumab (humira)
  • brodalumab (siliq)
  • etanercept (enbrel)
  • guselkumab (tremfya)
  • risankizumab (skyrizi)
  • ustekinumab (stelara)
    Adverse effects: increased risk of infection (patients must be screened prior to starting and yearly for TB)
29
Q

Ectoparasites

A
  • insects that live on the outer surface of the body
30
Q

Pediculosis

A
  • parasitic infestiation on the skin with lice
  • pediculosis pubis: pubic louse or “crabs”
  • pediculosis corporis: body louse
  • pediculosis capitis - head louse
31
Q

Scabies

A
  • transmitted from person to person by close contact, such as by sleeping next to an infested person
  • the scabies mite causes irritation and itching by boring into the horny layers of skin located in cracks and folds
32
Q

Permethrin (elimite)

A
  • synthetic pyrethroid
  • it can be used to treat head or pubic lice and scabies
  • permethrin is available as a 5% cream or 1% lotion
33
Q

Minoxidil (Rogaine)

A
  • applied on scalp to stimulate hair growth by having a vasodilating effect
  • can be used by both men and women who experience baldness or hair-thinning
34
Q

Finasteride (proscar, 5mg)

A
  • oral med used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • pregnancy category x, women are not able to handle this drug without glove or crush this drug, making it airborne
35
Q

Sunscreens

A
  • rated by sun protection factor (SPF) which can range from 2-50 or higher, in order of increasing potency of UV protection
  • only SPF 15 can state thay they reduce risk of skin cancer or early skin aging
36
Q

Isoptopyl alcohol (70%)

A
  • most commonly used to prepare the skin before minor procedures such as drawing blood or giving injections
  • has been shown to lower the bacterial count for 20-40 min after application
37
Q

Flurouracil

A
  • treats basal cell carcinoma and premalignant skin lesions such as actinic keratosis
  • antimetabolite that acts by interfering with key cellular metabolic reactions, destroying rapidly growing cells, such as premalignant and malignant cells
  • Adverse effects: local inflammation, photosensitivity, painful eroded areas
    Serious effects of swelling, scaling, pain, pruritus, suppuration, scarring, and hyperpigmentation
  • Apply once or twice a day for 2 – 6 weeks
  • Healing may take up to 4 weeks after medication is stopped

Patho/Pharm (12 decks)

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