Derm lect 4 Flashcards
Acute dermatitis (Eczema) is what type of hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1: IgE mediated
- “the itch that rashes”
- characterized by pruritus and disruption of skin surface
- begins early in life with chronic exacerbations and remissions
atopic dermatitis
what is the atopid triad
- atopic dermatitis
- allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- asthma
clinical presentation
- ranges from ill-defined, erythematous, scaling pathces to edematous papules and vesicles
- flexural surfaces, hand/foot in children and adults
dermatitis (eczema)
a form of eczema that is coin-shaped
nummular eczema
clinical presentation:
- cheeks, scalp and extensor surfaces common in infants
- clue: sparing of diaper area
atopic dermatitis
what are some common complications from dermatitis (ezcema)
- excoriation
- lichenification
- fissures
- secondary cellulitis
- eczema herpeticum- disseminated viral infection (HSV 1 or 2)
treatment for eczema
- avoid exposure to triggers (allergens, wool clothing); rubbing or scratching; excessive bathing; lotions
- use Emollients (vaseline)
- during exacerbation can briefly use topical steroid
this secondary skin condition is the result of excessive scratching or rubbing.
Clinical presentation:
- exaggerated skin markings, dry, leathery appearance, pigmentation
- common areas: back of neck, wrists, forearms, lower legs, genitals
lichen simplex chronicus
clinical presentation:
- deep seated vesicles that coalesce and rupture
- common areas: hands (80%), sides of fingers, palms and soles
- intensely pruritic
- episodes are usually weeks to months apart, spontaneous remission after 2-3 weeks
Dyshidrotic eczema
what precipitates dyshidrotic eczema
- emotional stress
- hot weather
- found in those with nickel allergy
treatment of dyshidrotic eczema
- wet dressing
- topical steroid
clinical presentation
- rough, raised papules (flesh, red, or brownish)
- forms horny plugs in hair follicles
- common area: outer upper arms, thighs, cheeks, upper back
- usually worse in winter months
- improves with age
keratosis pilaris: disorder of keratinization
What is allergic contact dermatitis? What are some examples of things that cause it?
- delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction
- poison ivy; nickel; latex
this type of rash is caused by repeated friction and mechanical irritation. Ex: household duties: hands in water, detergents, solvents
irritant contact dermatitis
clinical presentation
- greasy scales and yellow-red coalescing macules, patches, and papules affecting scalp, face (eyebrows, eyelids), ears, presternal skin and upper back
Seborrheic dermatitis
clinical presentation:
- yellow, greasy adherent scale on vertex of scalp
- may affect diaper area and axillary skin
- seen in infants
cradle cap: form of seborrheic dermatitis
clinical presentation
- possible prodrome: malaise, pharyngitis
- exanthematous eruption with a primary plaque “Herald patch” usually on the trunk
- followed by secondary rash 1-2 weeks later: fine scaled, pink, oval lesions and plaques that are arranged in a christmas tree pattern
- may be very itchy, but in most cases no pruritus
pityriasis rosea
clinical presentation
- four “P’s”- purple, pruritic, polygonal, papules
- middle ages adults
- common areas: wrists, back, shins, scalp, penis and mouth (50%)
- wickham’s striae = white lines
Lichen Planus
clinical presentation
- thickened red plaques with silvery scale
- can have associated nail pitting, onycholysis, and arthritis
psoriasis
clinical presentation
- red plaques with well-defined edges covered with thick, silvery scale
- extensor surfaces (elbows, knees, back are most commonly affected)
- auspitz sign and koebner phenomenon present
Psoriasis vulgaris
- most common form
this variant of psoriasis has lesions are small drop-like plaques
guttate psoriasis
this variant of psoriasis is commonly found on hands and feet
palmar-planter psoriasis
