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Dermatology 1 > Derm history, physical exam > Flashcards

Derm history, physical exam Flashcards

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1
Q

components of signalment

A
  • breed
  • age
  • sex
  • color
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2
Q

why is breed important in taking history

A

certain diseases have a heritable basis while others occur more frequently in some breeds than in others

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3
Q

why is age important in taking history

A
  • some are more common in younger animals (allergies, demodicosis, dermatophytosis)
  • some are more common in middle age/older animals (endocrine dz, autoimmune dz, neoplasia)
  • age of presentation sometimes different from age of onset
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4
Q

why is sex important in taking history

A

endocrinopathies related to reproductive hormones, predilections for a disease in one sex over the other

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5
Q

why is color important in taking history

A
  • blue dobermans: color dilution alopecia

- black hair follicle dysplasia

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6
Q

history questions about environment

A
  • indoor or outdoor?
  • chance of ectoparasites/fleas?
  • contact with cement, plastic, plants?
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7
Q

contagion history questions

A
  • other pets in the house?
  • do they have same condition?
  • are humans being affected?
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8
Q

diet history

A
  • current and past diet

- diet changes

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9
Q

health status questions

A
  • overall health
  • appetite, water intake, exercise, BCS, mental attitude
  • heartworm prevention?
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10
Q

lifestyle history questions

A
  • swimming?
  • go to work with owner?
  • country of origin/travel
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11
Q

disease history questions (8)

A
  • when did it begin
  • what did it look like
  • how did it progress
  • sudden onset or gradual
  • what parts of the body were first and later affected
  • is the animal pruritic (and severity)
  • how does pruritis correlate with lesions
  • is the animal licking feet/legs
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12
Q

why is response to previous treatment important

A
  • shorten or define list of differential diagnoses
  • only helpful if tx was done correctly
  • glucocorticoids, antibiotics, drug rxns
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13
Q

important part of derm exam

A
  • examine skin
  • clip hair if needed
  • mucous membranes and lymph nodes
  • groin and azillary area
  • interdigital spaces, nails, footpads
  • tail and perianal region
  • ear canals
  • ID primary lesions
  • evidence of pruritis?
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14
Q

key factors for diagnosis (3)

A
  • degree of pruritis
  • distribution of pruritis
  • nature/distribution of lesion(s)
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15
Q

primary lesions

A
  • arrive de novo in the skin
  • often are a reflection of the underlying etiology
  • not always present, especially in chronic cases
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16
Q

secondary lesions

A
  • evolve from primary lesions

- may be created by the patient or external factors (trauma, medications)

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17
Q

macule

A
  • flat change in skin color
  • may be depigmented, hyperpigmented, erythematous
  • cannot be palpated
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18
Q

patch

A
  • macule greater than 1cm in diameter

- cannot be palpated

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19
Q

papule

A
  • small, solid elevation (can always be palpated)
  • infiltration of inflammatory cells
  • very common presentation of superficial pyoderma
20
Q

plaque

A
  • large, flat topped elevation
  • extension of coalition of papules
  • eosinphiolic plaque, fungus, neoplasia, panniculitis, calcinosis cutis, pyogranulomas (NOT A HORMONAL PROBLEM)
21
Q

nodule

A
  • circumscribed solid elevation
  • infiltration of inflammatory cells or neoplastic cells
  • bacteria, fungus, neoplasm, panniculitis, pyogranulomas
  • often seen with plaques
22
Q

tumor

A
  • large mass involving any structure of skin or subq tissue

- neoplasia

23
Q

pustule

A
  • small, circumscribed elevation filled with pus
  • contain neutrophils, eosinophils
  • superficial pyoderma (can be from demodex, pemphigus)
24
Q

abscess

A
  • demarcated, fluctuant lesion from accumulation of pus
  • larger and deeper than pustules
  • bacterial infections, fungal infections, panniculitis
25
Q

vesicle

A
  • circumscribed elevation filled with clear fluid

- autoimmune disorders, virus, chemicals, drugs

26
Q

bulla

A
  • vesicles larger than 1cm

- autoimmune disorders, virus, chemicals, drugs

27
Q

cysts

A
  • epithelial lined cavity filled with fluid or solid material
  • lined by skin adnexa structures
  • follicular cysts, apocrine sweat gland cysts
28
Q

wheal

A
  • circumscribed raised lesion with edema that appears and disappears in minutes to hours
  • horses and dogs
  • allergic or nonallergic urticaria
29
Q

angioedema

A
  • edema extends into the subcutis
  • lesion is diffuse
  • allergic or non-allergic lumphedema
30
Q

erythema

A
  • diffuse red discoloration of the skin
  • blanches when pressed
  • can be primary or secondary lesion
  • common sign of inflammation
31
Q

alopecia

A
  • loss of hair (partial or complete)
  • primary or secondary lesion
  • no inflammation: endocrinopathies, follicular dysplasia
  • inflammation: allergies, parasites
32
Q

scale

A
  • accumulation of loose fragments of the horny layer (cornified cells)
  • from keratinocytes multiplying too rapidly
33
Q

follicular cysts

A
  • accumulation of keratin and follicular material that adheres to the hair shaft
  • sebaceous adenitis
34
Q

crust

A
  • formed when dried exudate, serum, pus, blood, etc adhere to the skin surface
  • color indicates dz process
35
Q

hyperpigmentation

A
  • increased epidermal and sometimes dermal melanin

- post-inflammatory, chronic inflammation, endocrine disorders (when no lichenification)

36
Q

hypopigmentation

A
  • loss of epidermal melanin

- post-inflammatory, immune mediated (lupus), vitiligo

37
Q

comedo (comedones)

A
  • dilated hair follicle filled with keratin and sebaceous debris
  • endocrine disorders, feline acne, schnauzer comedo syndrome, demodicosis
38
Q

scar

A

area of fibrous tissue that has replaced damage to the dermis or subcutaneous tissue

39
Q

erosion

A
  • shallow break in continuity of the epidermis that does not penetrate basal cell layer
  • heals without scarring
40
Q

ulcer

A

deeper break in the continuity of the epidermis with exposure of the underlying dermis
-scar commonly formed

41
Q

excoriation

A

self-inflicted, often associated with secondary bacterial infection

42
Q

epidermal collarette

A
  • superficial lesion arranged as circular rim of loose keratin
  • often indicates superficial staphylococcal infection
43
Q

lichenification

A
  • thickened, hardened skin with exaggerated superficial skin markings
  • often a result of friction
  • indicates chronic inflammation
44
Q

draining sinus tracts

A
  • ulcerated tracts in skin originating in deep dermis or subq fat
  • deep pyoderma, mycotic infections, foreign body granulomas
45
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

increase in thickness of stratum corneum

46
Q

fissure

A
  • linear cleavage into the epidermis (sometimes into dermis)
  • disease process or injury
  • ear margins, footpads, mucocutaneous junctions of mouth and anus, planum nasale

Dermatology 1 (4 decks)

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