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503 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

All rashes are assumed to be what unless proven otherwise?

A

Systemic condition

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2
Q

Systemic complaints to ask with rash:

A 
Sore throat 
Cold symptoms 
Joint pain 
GI sx 
Fever 
HA
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3
Q

If patients have a rash and pets what are some possible differentials?

A

Tinea
Flea bites
Lyme

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4
Q

Even when 100 percent sure rash is not systemic, check the following:

A

Oral mucosa
Cardiac and respiratory
Abdominal (spleen and liver)
Nails

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5
Q

What rashes favor the inner surfaces of arms and legs?

A

Atopic dermatitis

Intertrigo

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6
Q

What rashes favor sun exposed areas?

A

Actinic keratosis

Phototoxic reactions

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7
Q

What rash manifests in the same area as ID reactions like tinea or dyshidrotic eczema?

A

Acrodermatitis

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8
Q

What rash manifests in the same areas as guttate psoriasis?

A

Pityriasis rosea

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9
Q

What rashes favor clothing covered areas?

A

Contact dermatitis

Psoriasis

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10
Q

What rashes manifest in the same areas as Cushing syndrome and acne vulgaris?

A

Acneiform rashes

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11
Q

This rash manifests as a sub corneal pustule with erosions and honey-colored crusts.

A

Impetigo

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12
Q

Impetigo is typically caused by what organisms?

A

Strep or staph

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13
Q

How can impetigo be diagnosed?

A

Culture and gram stain

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14
Q

Treatment for impetigo?

A

Beta-Lactamase resistant penicillin or cephalosporin for 5-10 days

Oral agent if patient is sick 
Topical agent if not sick:
Mupirocin TID 5-10 days
Altabax
Bleach baths

PCN alternatives: erythromycin and clarithromycin

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15
Q

Other superficial skin infections:

A

Ecthyma
Folliculitis
Perinatal streptococcal dermatitis

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16
Q

This superficial skin infection resembles impetigo but extends through the dermis with underlying punch-out ulcer with exudate and is caused by strep, staph, or pseudomonas.

A

Ecthyma

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17
Q

This superficial skin infection is hair follicle bases with erythematous papules/pustules that are typically present in axillae and groin and often caused by staph aureus.

A

Folliculitis

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18
Q

This manifests with redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the proximal nail folds.

A

Acute paronychia

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19
Q

Acute paronychia is often caused by:

A

Staph or strep

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20
Q

Acute paronychia tx:

A

Warm soaks, topical antibiotics, and systemic antibiotics (clindamycin and augmentin)

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21
Q

Chronic paronychia is caused by:

A

Candida albicans and mixed bacterial flora.

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22
Q

This causes inflammation and edema of the nail bed without pain?

A

Chronic paronychia

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23
Q

Chronic paronychia tx:

A

Antifungals and antibiotics

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24
Q

This is a localized skin infection, involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with obstruction of local lymphatics.

A

Cellulitis

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25
Q

Cellulitis is caused by?

A

GABHS, staph, strep pneumo, or H.flu

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26
Q

This manifests as erythematous, warm, and tender plaques with local swelling and proximal lymphadenopathy.

A

Cellulitis

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27
Q

Cellulitis tx:

A

Oral antibiotics- keflex(cephalexin), augmentin for early onset cellulitis

Consider coverage for MRSA

Follow up closely to watch for sepsis

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28
Q

Subclasses of cellulitis?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

Erysipelas

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29
Q

This type of cellulitis is caused by group a strep and requires immediate hospitalization?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

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30
Q

This type of cellulitis is superficial with sharp, defined borders and is caused by GABHS?

A

Erysipelas

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31
Q

This is a serious infection of soft tissue and structures around the eye that is caused by GABHS (older children), strep pneumo (younger children), staph aureus, and H. Flu

A

Orbital and peri orbital cellulitis

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32
Q

Orbital and periorbital cellulitis is more common in what ages?

A

Children under 5 with the median age of 7

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33
Q

Cardinal symptoms of orbital cellulitis?

A

Proptosis (bulging of the eye)
Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye)
Chemosis (eye irritation)
Caused by increased intraorbital pressure

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34
Q

Other symptoms of orbital cellulitis are:

A 
Limited ocular mobility 
Pain with eye movement
Reduced visual acuity 
Orbital congestion
Headache 
Fever 
Lid edema 
Rhinorrhea 
Malaise
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35
Q

Periorbital cellulitis is typically caused by:

A

Trauma to the eyelid of eye

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36
Q

Orbital cellulitis is typically caused by:

A

Sinus infection

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37
Q

This is caused by circulating staph toxin, which can exfoliate the skin. It usually starts at respiratory site such as nose or mouth?

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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38
Q

Describe the 2 phases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome:

A

Prodromal phase: bright erythema around mouth, fever, irritability

Exfoliative phase: tender, inflamed peeling skin; red oral mucosa, peeling on trunk

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39
Q

How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome diagnosed?

A

Nikolskys sign: rubbing erythematous skin sideways causes superficial epidermis to separate from deeper skin layers and slough off.

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40
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome called in neonates?

A

Ritter’s disease

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41
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome can be related to what if peeling is not present?

A

Nonstreptococcal scarlet fever

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42
Q

Treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

ICU, systemic anti-staph antibiotic

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43
Q

This is caused by GABHS and manifests as red, roughened, diffuse, sandpaper-like rash.

A

Scarlett fever

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44
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever:

A

Blanching rash in groin, axillae, abdomen, and trunk
Appears after 24 hours
Can have pastia’s lines (linear petechia in flexural creases)
White or strawberry tongue
Circumoral pallor
Desquamation in 1-3 weeks

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45
Q

Diagnosis of scarlet fever requires?

A

Rapid strep test or throat culture

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46
Q

This begins as red macules or papules and within a week, expands to a large, annular, and erythematous rash 5-15 cm in diabetes with a pale center?

A

Lyme disease

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47
Q

Lyme disease is caused by?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete

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48
Q

The early stage of Lyme disease has symptoms of?

A

Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, neck/joint stiffness, Lyme meningitis

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49
Q

The early disseminated disease of Lyme disease symptoms include:

A

Multiple erythema migrans (3-5 weeks after bite), facial palsy, aseptic meningitis, cardiac involvement (AV block and myocarditis), MSK pain

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50
Q

Long term (months or years) effects of Lyme disease?

A

Chronic arthritis and neuro sequelae

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51
Q

Diagnosis of Lyme disease?

A

Serology for Borrelia burgdorferi

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52
Q

Treatment of Lyme disease?

A

14-21 days of antibiotics

  • kids over 8- doxycycline 100mg BID
  • kids under 8- amoxicillin 25-50mg/kg TID or ceftriaxone daily for persistent disease sx
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53
Q

Treatment of neurologic Lyme disease?

A

Ceftriaxone 2g daily IV 14 days

Doxy 200-400mg PO BID 10-28 days

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54
Q

Prophylaxis of Lyme disease?

A

Single dose of doxy 200mg

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55
Q

This is caused by neisseria meningitidis which causes leakage and vascular injury which may lead to DIC, irreversible shock, and multi system organ failure?

A

Meningococcemia

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56
Q

Symptoms of meningococcemia include:

A

Upper respiratory prodrome followed by high fever, chills, HA, toxicity, and hypotension

Fulminant purpural, urticarial, maculopapular, and petechial eruptions over trunk and extremities

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57
Q

Treatment for meningococcemia?

A

High dose PCN G q4-6 hours

Alternatives- cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol

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58
Q

Prophylaxis of meningococcemia?

A

Vaccination at age 11 before starting college

Ages 2-5 for high-risk children

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59
Q

This rash is a breakdown of the skins natural barrier due to chemical irritation (urine, proteolytic enzymes, and moisture in urine/feces)?

A

Irritant contact diaper rash (dermatitis)

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60
Q

This rash is a type of diaper dermatitis that has irritant, dry, red patches with laceration of the skin folds?

A

Chemical rash

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61
Q

This type of diaper rash has hyperpigmentation and erythema at folds and diaper edges?

A

Mechanical rash from diapers

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62
Q

When do you use anticandidal agents in any clinically significant diaper dermatitis?

A

If present for greater than 72 hours, regardless of morphology as C. albicans is likely playing a secondary role

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63
Q

This is a mild illness caused by a single- stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a glucolipid envelope that is acquired from respiratory secretions and invades respiratory epithelium.

A

Rubella or German measles

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64
Q

Symptoms of rubella?

A

Lymphadenopathy, erythematous macular papular discrete rash, mild pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, HA, malaise, low grade fever

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65
Q

How is rubella diagnosed?

A

Viral isolates from NP secretions

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66
Q

How is rubella prevented?

A

MMR vaccine at 12-15 months and 4-7 years

May give IG for pregnant, nonimmunized, exposed women and then vaccinate postpartum

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67
Q

This causes an ill, miserable child with an upper respiratory catarrhal prodromal phase consisting of Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, OM, and a dusky, red maculopapular rash on face that spreads to trunk.

A

Measles

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68
Q

Is measles or rubella teratogenic to pregnant women?

A

Rubella

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69
Q

Measles treatment?

A

Supportive care

Avoid ASA

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70
Q

This occurs between 6 months to 3 years and has an abrupt onset of illness with high fever. Child may have URI sx, OM, diffuse erythema of posterior pharynx and soft palate, GI sx, and a macular erythematous rash during febrile phase or after fever resolves.

A

Roseola

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71
Q

Roseola management?

A

Symptomatic care

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72
Q

This is caused by parvovirus B19 with symptoms of low-grade fever, HA, child’s, followed by erythematous facial rash, and lacy, maculopapular rash.

A

Fifth’s disease ( erythema infectiousum)

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73
Q

Who is most affected by fifths disease?

A

School-ages kids in late winter and spring

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74
Q

What could fifths disease cause in pregnant women?

A

Hydrops fetalis in fetus

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75
Q

This is caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 70 and presents with vesicles or red papules found on tongue, hands, and feet (rash often appears when fever abates)

A

Hand foot and mouth

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76
Q

Hand foot and mouth treatment?

A

Symptomatic
Tylenol, Benadryl, and Maalox/kaopectate for oral lesions.

Avoid salicylates!

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77
Q

This is caused by the herpesvirus varicellae and causes a prodrome of low-grade fever, URI symptoms, a maculopapular varicella crop lesions, diffuse vesicles and erythema, poor appetite, malaise, and pruritus.

A

Varicella

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78
Q

When does varicella typically occur?

A

Late autumn, spring, and winter

79
Q

Treatment for varicella?

A

Symptomatic: aveeno baths, baking soda baths, calamine lotion, and acyclovir in select cases

Avoid salicylates!

Hospitalize susceptible patients and may give IG

80
Q

What requires an urgent referral to ophthalmology with shingles?

A

Lesions on face (forehead, eyes, nose)

81
Q

Acute or chronic inflammatory or hypersensitivity response to a substance that irritates the skin?

A

Contact dermatitis

82
Q

Contact dermatitis is characterized by:

A

Erythema, vesicles, and weeping

83
Q

Management of contact dermatitis?

A

Avoid the substances that cause dermatitis.
Use oatmeal baths or burrows solution.
Restore moisture with petrolatum or lanolin prep.
Treat with corticosteroids (main)
Use antihistamine as directed for pruritus.
Use prednisone for severe cases of poison ivy.

84
Q

This is caused by overproduction of sebum with sebaceous glands. Malassezia furfur ovals plays critical roles.

A

Seborrhea

85
Q

Seborrhea is called ___ in infants and ___ in adults and adolescents when present on the scalp.

A

Cradle cap

Dandruff

86
Q

How is seborrhea treated in adolescents and adults?

A

Selenium shampoos and antifungal meds, as well as, low-potency topical steroids.

87
Q

Seborrhea is characterized by?

A

Flaky thick crusts of yellow and greasy scales in infants.

88
Q

This is characterized by erythematous, annular raised wheals with pale centers, and scattered lesions that coalesce. May cause edema or eyelids, tongue, hands and feet.

A

Urticaria

89
Q

Acute urticaria is how long and chronic urticaria is how long?

A

Acute: less than 6 weeks
Chronic: more than 6-8 weeks

90
Q

Urticaria treatment?

A

Benadryl 1mg/kg/dose a 6-8 hours or hydroxyzine 0.5 mg/kg/day

Epi 0.01 mg/kg up to 0.3 ml for angioedema/ anaphylaxis

Consider prednisone to be tapered.

91
Q

This is an acute, mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction that can be minor and self limiting or major like Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis.

A

Erythema multiforme

92
Q

Possible causes of erythema multiforme?

A

Possible specific triggers like medications, infections, malignancies, immunological disorders.

93
Q

This has symptoms of small vesicles in center of lesion, urticaria, conjunctivitis.

A

EM minor

94
Q

EM minor treatment?

A

Mild analgesics, cool compresses, antihistamines, short course of steroids.

95
Q

Types of EM major?

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

96
Q

This has a brief prodrome, widespread cutaneous and mucous membrane involvement.

A

SJS

97
Q

This has sunburn-like erythema, necrosis, and sloughing skin.

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

98
Q

This is vasculitis of the small vesicles affecting the skin, GI tract, and kidneys.

A

Henoch-schonlein purpura

99
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is the result of that in 75 percent of cases.

A

Strep infection

100
Q

HSP symptoms?

A

Maculopapular rash changes to purpuric rash on elbows, ankles, and buttocks.
Polyarthralgias of the ankle and knee.
Edema of the hands, feet, scalp, and periorbital regions

101
Q

Complications of HSP?

A

Usually mild in kids under 2.

Nephritis and abdominal complications d/t hemorrhage and edema of small intestine.

102
Q

Labs for HSP?

A 
CBC and bleeding time- should be normal 
UA- look for protein and heme
Creatinine and stool- may be positive for blood
ASO titer and IgA- should be elevated 
TC- rule out strep
103
Q

Treatment for HSP?

A

Not necessary for mild cases.
Corticosteroids for GI or joint sx
ASA for arthritis

104
Q

Acute febrile illness, turning into systemic vasculitis, most common under the age of 5.

A

Kawasaki disease

105
Q 
Fever for more than 5 days. 
Bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis 
Inflammation of mucus membranes 
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Rash over trunk and extremities
Rhinorrhea and diarrhea 
Extremely irritable 
All symptoms of:
A

Kawasaki disease

106
Q

Management of Kawasaki:

A

Prevention of thrombosis and aneurysm via hospitalization.
High dose IVIG and ASA for 2-3 months
Close follow-up to monitor potentially perm CAD

107
Q

Rash with 1-5 cm herald spot with central clearing and a possible prodrome of malaise and fever or may be a symptomatic?

A

Pityriasis rosea

108
Q

Treatment for pityriasis rosea?

A

Calamine, aveeno, topical antipruritics, sun, topical steroids

109
Q

Tan to light brown macules, oval or irregular, can increase in number with age.

A

Cafe-au-lait nevi

110
Q

When is a workup for neurofibromatosis necessary?

A

If six or more cafe-an-lait spots present that are larger than 0.5 cm are present

111
Q

Raised nevi are:

A

Brown or black

112
Q

Most common type of soft tissue growth in infancy that are usually present at birth but grow during the first year and then disappear.

A

Hemangioma

113
Q

Fluid filled rashes may be:

A

HSV, herpes zoster, dyshidrosis, bullae

114
Q

Soft pustules may be:

A

Acne vulgaris, rosacea, bacterial/fungal folliculitis

115
Q

Solid nonred papules may be;

A

Pyrogenic granulomas

116
Q

Solid nonred modules:

A

Furuncles

117
Q

Solid red nonscaling rashes may be:

A

Urticaria, angioedema

118
Q

Solid red scaling rash:

A

Pityriasis rosea

119
Q

Inflammation of the hair follicle resulting in erythematous halo on scalp, axillae, extremities, and trunk.

A

Folliculitis

120
Q

Hot tub folliculitis is caused by what organism and how is it treated?

A

Pseudomonas

5% acetic acid compresses

121
Q

Folliculitis caused by pityrosporum and is common is athletes is treated with what?

A

Antifungals

122
Q

This is an inflammatory skin disorder with neuro vascular dysregulation and augmented immune detection and response. Causes a facial eruption of papules and pustules, with flushing, redness, and telangiectasias.

A

Rosacea

123
Q

Treatment for rosacea:

A

Metronidazole
Azelaic acid 15% gel
Doxycycline 40 mg

124
Q

Up to 100s of cherry-colored, dome-shaped, polypoid papules ranging from 0.5-5mm in size.

A

Cherry hemangioma

125
Q

Yellow to deep red exophytic, dome- shaped, 3 to 10 mm papules comprised of proliferating capillaries separated by thick fibrous brands and surrounded by an epithelial collarette. Require biopsy or excision.

A

Pyogenic granuloma

126
Q

Localized, self limiting, viral skin infection which presents as firm, 1-2 mm, shiny or skin colored papules with central umbilication.

A

Molluscum contagiosum

127
Q

Horny, scaly, hyperkeratotic lesions containing small black dots caused by HPV infection of the skin and mucosa.

A

Warts

128
Q

Flat or raised, smooth, velvety, verrucous, and present as pseudo horn cysts. Can present anywhere except the lips, palms, and soles.

A

Seborrheic keratoses

129
Q

Seborrheic keratoses may occur with:

A

GI malignancy if erupt all at once or

Postinflammatory response

130
Q

Benign skin growths composed of melanocyte derived nevus cells classified by the age of onset and arrangement of the nevus cells.

A

Nevi

131
Q

Nevi are benign when:

A

Less than 6mm*

132
Q

Reddish pink, dome shaped, smooth papules often occurring on the scalp, face, or legs of preadolescents and are worrisome for melanoma. Most derms recommend complete excision.

A

Spitz (spindle cell)

133
Q

Transparent to yellow, rough scale, or plaques that resemble sandpaper, and arise within a background of uneven pigmentation, atrophy, thinning, and telangiectasis. Indicate SCC when lesions are thick and tender.

A

Actinic keratoses

134
Q

Invasive, primary, cutaneous malignancies arising from keratinocytes of skin and mucosa most often found on the head, neck, and hands. Can be pink, dull red, poorly defined, dome shaped, and scaly with yellow keratin.

A

Squamous cell carcinomas

135
Q

Smooth, pearly, translucent, pink lesions with telangiectasis.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

136
Q

Uncommon, aggressive neuro endocrine carcinomas with possible infectious component, typically affect people over 65, and are firm, smooth, dome shaped, skin colored to red, nontender, 2-8mm nodules usually found on sun exposed areas of head and neck.

A

Merkel cell carcinomas

137
Q

Red flags for melanomas:

A

New mole appears postpuberty that changes in color, shape, size
Long-standing mole changes
Mole has 3 or more colors
Mole itches/bleeds
New persistent lesion that grows, is pigmented or vascular in appearance
New pigmented lesion under a nail

138
Q

Dermatology referrals for malignant melanomas if any suspicion of:

A

Derm surgeon: breslow below 0.75mm

Surgical oncologist: breslow above 0.75mm

139
Q

Eczema, weeping, peeling, and itching of hand.

A

Dyshidrotic eczema

140
Q

Eczematous dermatitis of the leg that appears dry, fissured, erythematous, brown discoloration, erosion, and ulceration.

A

Stasis dermatitis

141
Q

Stasis dermatitis treatment?

A

Support, emollients, corticosteroids, compression hose

142
Q

Candidiasis can be ruled out with?

A

KOH wet mount

143
Q

Therapy for psoriasis?

A

Phototherapy
Simple corticosteroids
Systemic therapy

144
Q

This is a serious infection of soft tissue and structures around the eye that is caused by GABHS (older children), strep pneumo (younger children), staph aureus, and H. Flu

A

Orbital and peri orbital cellulitis

145
Q

Orbital and periorbital cellulitis is more common in what ages?

A

Children under 5 with the median age of 7

146
Q

Cardinal symptoms of orbital cellulitis?

A

Proptosis (bulging of the eye)
Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye)
Chemosis (eye irritation)
Caused by increased intraorbital pressure

147
Q

Other symptoms of orbital cellulitis are:

A 
Limited ocular mobility 
Pain with eye movement
Reduced visual acuity 
Orbital congestion
Headache 
Fever 
Lid edema 
Rhinorrhea 
Malaise
148
Q

Periorbital cellulitis is typically caused by:

A

Trauma to the eyelid of eye

149
Q

Orbital cellulitis is typically caused by:

A

Sinus infection

150
Q

This is caused by circulating staph toxin, which can exfoliate the skin. It usually starts at respiratory site such as nose or mouth?

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

151
Q

Describe the 2 phases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome:

A

Prodromal phase: bright erythema around mouth, fever, irritability

Exfoliative phase: tender, inflamed peeling skin; red oral mucosa, peeling on trunk

152
Q

How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome diagnosed?

A

Nikolskys sign: rubbing erythematous skin sideways causes superficial epidermis to separate from deeper skin layers and slough off.

153
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome called in neonates?

A

Ritter’s disease

154
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome can be related to what if peeling is not present?

A

Nonstreptococcal scarlet fever

155
Q

Treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

ICU, systemic anti-staph antibiotic

156
Q

This is caused by GABHS and manifests as red, roughened, diffuse, sandpaper-like rash.

A

Scarlett fever

157
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever:

A

Blanching rash in groin, axillae, abdomen, and trunk
Appears after 24 hours
Can have pastia’s lines (linear petechia in flexural creases)
White or strawberry tongue
Circumoral pallor
Desquamation in 1-3 weeks

158
Q

Diagnosis of scarlet fever requires?

A

Rapid strep test or throat culture

159
Q

This begins as red macules or papules and within a week, expands to a large, annular, and erythematous rash 5-15 cm in diabetes with a pale center?

A

Lyme disease

160
Q

Lyme disease is caused by?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete

161
Q

The early stage of Lyme disease has symptoms of?

A

Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, neck/joint stiffness, Lyme meningitis

162
Q

The early disseminated disease of Lyme disease symptoms include:

A

Multiple erythema migrans (3-5 weeks after bite), facial palsy, aseptic meningitis, cardiac involvement (AV block and myocarditis), MSK pain

163
Q

Long term (months or years) effects of Lyme disease?

A

Chronic arthritis and neuro sequelae

164
Q

Diagnosis of Lyme disease?

A

Serology for Borrelia burgdorferi

165
Q

Treatment of Lyme disease?

A

14-21 days of antibiotics

  • kids over 8- doxycycline 100mg BID
  • kids under 8- amoxicillin 25-50mg/kg TID or ceftriaxone daily for persistent disease sx
166
Q

Treatment of neurologic Lyme disease?

A

Ceftriaxone 2g daily IV 14 days

Doxy 200-400mg PO BID 10-28 days

167
Q

Prophylaxis of Lyme disease?

A

Single dose of doxy 200mg

168
Q

This is caused by neisseria meningitidis which causes leakage and vascular injury which may lead to DIC, irreversible shock, and multi system organ failure?

A

Meningococcemia

169
Q

Symptoms of meningococcemia include:

A

Upper respiratory prodrome followed by high fever, chills, HA, toxicity, and hypotension

Fulminant purpural, urticarial, maculopapular, and petechial eruptions over trunk and extremities

170
Q

Treatment for meningococcemia?

A

High dose PCN G q4-6 hours

Alternatives- cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol

171
Q

Prophylaxis of meningococcemia?

A

Vaccination at age 11 before starting college

Ages 2-5 for high-risk children

172
Q

This rash is a breakdown of the skins natural barrier due to chemical irritation (urine, proteolytic enzymes, and moisture in urine/feces)?

A

Irritant contact diaper rash (dermatitis)

173
Q

This rash is a type of diaper dermatitis that has irritant, dry, red patches with laceration of the skin folds?

A

Chemical rash

174
Q

This type of diaper rash has hyperpigmentation and erythema at folds and diaper edges?

A

Mechanical rash from diapers

175
Q

When do you use anticandidal agents in any clinically significant diaper dermatitis?

A

If present for greater than 72 hours, regardless of morphology as C. albicans is likely playing a secondary role

176
Q

This is a mild illness caused by a single- stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a glucolipid envelope that is acquired from respiratory secretions and invades respiratory epithelium.

A

Rubella or German measles

177
Q

Symptoms of rubella?

A

Lymphadenopathy, erythematous macular papular discrete rash, mild pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, HA, malaise, low grade fever

178
Q

How is rubella diagnosed?

A

Viral isolates from NP secretions

179
Q

How is rubella prevented?

A

MMR vaccine at 12-15 months and 4-7 years

May give IG for pregnant, nonimmunized, exposed women and then vaccinate postpartum

180
Q

This causes an ill, miserable child with an upper respiratory catarrhal prodromal phase consisting of Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, OM, and a dusky, red maculopapular rash on face that spreads to trunk.

A

Measles

181
Q

Is measles or rubella teratogenic to pregnant women?

A

Rubella

182
Q

Measles treatment?

A

Supportive care

Avoid ASA

183
Q

This occurs between 6 months to 3 years and has an abrupt onset of illness with high fever. Child may have URI sx, OM, diffuse erythema of posterior pharynx and soft palate, GI sx, and a macular erythematous rash during febrile phase or after fever resolves.

A

Roseola

184
Q

Roseola management?

A

Symptomatic care

185
Q

This is caused by parvovirus B19 with symptoms of low-grade fever, HA, child’s, followed by erythematous facial rash, and lacy, maculopapular rash.

A

Fifth’s disease ( erythema infectiousum)

186
Q

Who is most affected by fifths disease?

A

School-ages kids in late winter and spring

187
Q

What could fifths disease cause in pregnant women?

A

Hydrops fetalis in fetus

188
Q

This is caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 70 and presents with vesicles or red papules found on tongue, hands, and feet (rash often appears when fever abates)

A

Hand foot and mouth

189
Q

Hand foot and mouth treatment?

A

Symptomatic
Tylenol, Benadryl, and Maalox/kaopectate for oral lesions.

Avoid salicylates!

190
Q

This is caused by the herpesvirus varicellae and causes a prodrome of low-grade fever, URI symptoms, a maculopapular varicella crop lesions, diffuse vesicles and erythema, poor appetite, malaise, and pruritus.

A

Varicella

191
Q

When does varicella typically occur?

A

Late autumn, spring, and winter

192
Q

Treatment for varicella?

A

Symptomatic: aveeno baths, baking soda baths, calamine lotion, and acyclovir in select cases

Avoid salicylates!

Hospitalize susceptible patients and may give IG

193
Q

What requires an urgent referral to ophthalmology with shingles?

A

Lesions on face (forehead, eyes, nose)

503 (6 decks)

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