Derm Flashcards
1
Q
All rashes are assumed to be what unless proven otherwise?
A
Systemic condition
2
Q
Systemic complaints to ask with rash:
A
Sore throat Cold symptoms Joint pain GI sx Fever HA
3
Q
If patients have a rash and pets what are some possible differentials?
A
Tinea
Flea bites
Lyme
4
Q
Even when 100 percent sure rash is not systemic, check the following:
A
Oral mucosa
Cardiac and respiratory
Abdominal (spleen and liver)
Nails
5
Q
What rashes favor the inner surfaces of arms and legs?
A
Atopic dermatitis
Intertrigo
6
Q
What rashes favor sun exposed areas?
A
Actinic keratosis
Phototoxic reactions
7
Q
What rash manifests in the same area as ID reactions like tinea or dyshidrotic eczema?
A
Acrodermatitis
8
Q
What rash manifests in the same areas as guttate psoriasis?
A
Pityriasis rosea
9
Q
What rashes favor clothing covered areas?
A
Contact dermatitis
Psoriasis
10
Q
What rashes manifest in the same areas as Cushing syndrome and acne vulgaris?
A
Acneiform rashes
11
Q
This rash manifests as a sub corneal pustule with erosions and honey-colored crusts.
A
Impetigo
12
Q
Impetigo is typically caused by what organisms?
A
Strep or staph
13
Q
How can impetigo be diagnosed?
A
Culture and gram stain
14
Q
Treatment for impetigo?
A
Beta-Lactamase resistant penicillin or cephalosporin for 5-10 days
Oral agent if patient is sick Topical agent if not sick: Mupirocin TID 5-10 days Altabax Bleach baths
PCN alternatives: erythromycin and clarithromycin
15
Q
Other superficial skin infections:
A
Ecthyma
Folliculitis
Perinatal streptococcal dermatitis
16
Q
This superficial skin infection resembles impetigo but extends through the dermis with underlying punch-out ulcer with exudate and is caused by strep, staph, or pseudomonas.
A
Ecthyma
17
Q
This superficial skin infection is hair follicle bases with erythematous papules/pustules that are typically present in axillae and groin and often caused by staph aureus.
A
Folliculitis
18
Q
This manifests with redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the proximal nail folds.
A
Acute paronychia
19
Q
Acute paronychia is often caused by:
A
Staph or strep
20
Q
Acute paronychia tx:
A
Warm soaks, topical antibiotics, and systemic antibiotics (clindamycin and augmentin)
21
Q
Chronic paronychia is caused by:
A
Candida albicans and mixed bacterial flora.
22
Q
This causes inflammation and edema of the nail bed without pain?
A
Chronic paronychia
23
Q
Chronic paronychia tx:
A
Antifungals and antibiotics
24
Q
This is a localized skin infection, involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with obstruction of local lymphatics.
A
Cellulitis
25
Cellulitis is caused by?
GABHS, staph, strep pneumo, or H.flu
26
This manifests as erythematous, warm, and tender plaques with local swelling and proximal lymphadenopathy.
Cellulitis
27
Cellulitis tx:
Oral antibiotics- keflex(cephalexin), augmentin for early onset cellulitis
Consider coverage for MRSA
Follow up closely to watch for sepsis
28
Subclasses of cellulitis?
Necrotizing fasciitis
| Erysipelas
29
This type of cellulitis is caused by group a strep and requires immediate hospitalization?
Necrotizing fasciitis
30
This type of cellulitis is superficial with sharp, defined borders and is caused by GABHS?
Erysipelas
31
This is a serious infection of soft tissue and structures around the eye that is caused by GABHS (older children), strep pneumo (younger children), staph aureus, and H. Flu
Orbital and peri orbital cellulitis
32
Orbital and periorbital cellulitis is more common in what ages?
Children under 5 with the median age of 7
33
Cardinal symptoms of orbital cellulitis?
Proptosis (bulging of the eye)
Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye)
Chemosis (eye irritation)
Caused by increased intraorbital pressure
34
Other symptoms of orbital cellulitis are:
```
Limited ocular mobility
Pain with eye movement
Reduced visual acuity
Orbital congestion
Headache
Fever
Lid edema
Rhinorrhea
Malaise
```
35
Periorbital cellulitis is typically caused by:
Trauma to the eyelid of eye
36
Orbital cellulitis is typically caused by:
Sinus infection
37
This is caused by circulating staph toxin, which can exfoliate the skin. It usually starts at respiratory site such as nose or mouth?
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
38
Describe the 2 phases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome:
Prodromal phase: bright erythema around mouth, fever, irritability
Exfoliative phase: tender, inflamed peeling skin; red oral mucosa, peeling on trunk
39
How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome diagnosed?
Nikolskys sign: rubbing erythematous skin sideways causes superficial epidermis to separate from deeper skin layers and slough off.
40
What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome called in neonates?
Ritter’s disease
41
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome can be related to what if peeling is not present?
Nonstreptococcal scarlet fever
42
Treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
ICU, systemic anti-staph antibiotic
43
This is caused by GABHS and manifests as red, roughened, diffuse, sandpaper-like rash.
Scarlett fever
44
Symptoms of scarlet fever:
Blanching rash in groin, axillae, abdomen, and trunk
Appears after 24 hours
Can have pastia’s lines (linear petechia in flexural creases)
White or strawberry tongue
Circumoral pallor
Desquamation in 1-3 weeks
45
Diagnosis of scarlet fever requires?
Rapid strep test or throat culture
46
This begins as red macules or papules and within a week, expands to a large, annular, and erythematous rash 5-15 cm in diabetes with a pale center?
Lyme disease
47
Lyme disease is caused by?
Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete
48
The early stage of Lyme disease has symptoms of?
Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, neck/joint stiffness, Lyme meningitis
49
The early disseminated disease of Lyme disease symptoms include:
Multiple erythema migrans (3-5 weeks after bite), facial palsy, aseptic meningitis, cardiac involvement (AV block and myocarditis), MSK pain
50
Long term (months or years) effects of Lyme disease?
Chronic arthritis and neuro sequelae
51
Diagnosis of Lyme disease?
Serology for Borrelia burgdorferi
52
Treatment of Lyme disease?
14-21 days of antibiotics
- kids over 8- doxycycline 100mg BID
- kids under 8- amoxicillin 25-50mg/kg TID or ceftriaxone daily for persistent disease sx
53
Treatment of neurologic Lyme disease?
Ceftriaxone 2g daily IV 14 days
| Doxy 200-400mg PO BID 10-28 days
54
Prophylaxis of Lyme disease?
Single dose of doxy 200mg
55
This is caused by neisseria meningitidis which causes leakage and vascular injury which may lead to DIC, irreversible shock, and multi system organ failure?
Meningococcemia
56
Symptoms of meningococcemia include:
Upper respiratory prodrome followed by high fever, chills, HA, toxicity, and hypotension
Fulminant purpural, urticarial, maculopapular, and petechial eruptions over trunk and extremities
57
Treatment for meningococcemia?
High dose PCN G q4-6 hours
Alternatives- cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol
58
Prophylaxis of meningococcemia?
Vaccination at age 11 before starting college
Ages 2-5 for high-risk children
59
This rash is a breakdown of the skins natural barrier due to chemical irritation (urine, proteolytic enzymes, and moisture in urine/feces)?
Irritant contact diaper rash (dermatitis)
60
This rash is a type of diaper dermatitis that has irritant, dry, red patches with laceration of the skin folds?
Chemical rash
61
This type of diaper rash has hyperpigmentation and erythema at folds and diaper edges?
Mechanical rash from diapers
62
When do you use anticandidal agents in any clinically significant diaper dermatitis?
If present for greater than 72 hours, regardless of morphology as C. albicans is likely playing a secondary role
63
This is a mild illness caused by a single- stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a glucolipid envelope that is acquired from respiratory secretions and invades respiratory epithelium.
Rubella or German measles
64
Symptoms of rubella?
Lymphadenopathy, erythematous macular papular discrete rash, mild pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, HA, malaise, low grade fever
65
How is rubella diagnosed?
Viral isolates from NP secretions
66
How is rubella prevented?
MMR vaccine at 12-15 months and 4-7 years
May give IG for pregnant, nonimmunized, exposed women and then vaccinate postpartum
67
This causes an ill, miserable child with an upper respiratory catarrhal prodromal phase consisting of Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, OM, and a dusky, red maculopapular rash on face that spreads to trunk.
Measles
68
Is measles or rubella teratogenic to pregnant women?
Rubella
69
Measles treatment?
Supportive care
| Avoid ASA
70
This occurs between 6 months to 3 years and has an abrupt onset of illness with high fever. Child may have URI sx, OM, diffuse erythema of posterior pharynx and soft palate, GI sx, and a macular erythematous rash during febrile phase or after fever resolves.
Roseola
71
Roseola management?
Symptomatic care
72
This is caused by parvovirus B19 with symptoms of low-grade fever, HA, child’s, followed by erythematous facial rash, and lacy, maculopapular rash.
Fifth’s disease ( erythema infectiousum)
73
Who is most affected by fifths disease?
School-ages kids in late winter and spring
74
What could fifths disease cause in pregnant women?
Hydrops fetalis in fetus
75
This is caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 70 and presents with vesicles or red papules found on tongue, hands, and feet (rash often appears when fever abates)
Hand foot and mouth
76
Hand foot and mouth treatment?
Symptomatic
Tylenol, Benadryl, and Maalox/kaopectate for oral lesions.
Avoid salicylates!
77
This is caused by the herpesvirus varicellae and causes a prodrome of low-grade fever, URI symptoms, a maculopapular varicella crop lesions, diffuse vesicles and erythema, poor appetite, malaise, and pruritus.
Varicella
78
When does varicella typically occur?
Late autumn, spring, and winter
79
Treatment for varicella?
Symptomatic: aveeno baths, baking soda baths, calamine lotion, and acyclovir in select cases
Avoid salicylates!
Hospitalize susceptible patients and may give IG
80
What requires an urgent referral to ophthalmology with shingles?
Lesions on face (forehead, eyes, nose)
81
Acute or chronic inflammatory or hypersensitivity response to a substance that irritates the skin?
Contact dermatitis
82
Contact dermatitis is characterized by:
Erythema, vesicles, and weeping
83
Management of contact dermatitis?
Avoid the substances that cause dermatitis.
Use oatmeal baths or burrows solution.
Restore moisture with petrolatum or lanolin prep.
Treat with corticosteroids (main)
Use antihistamine as directed for pruritus.
Use prednisone for severe cases of poison ivy.
84
This is caused by overproduction of sebum with sebaceous glands. Malassezia furfur ovals plays critical roles.
Seborrhea
85
Seborrhea is called ___ in infants and ___ in adults and adolescents when present on the scalp.
Cradle cap
| Dandruff
86
How is seborrhea treated in adolescents and adults?
Selenium shampoos and antifungal meds, as well as, low-potency topical steroids.
87
Seborrhea is characterized by?
Flaky thick crusts of yellow and greasy scales in infants.
88
This is characterized by erythematous, annular raised wheals with pale centers, and scattered lesions that coalesce. May cause edema or eyelids, tongue, hands and feet.
Urticaria
89
Acute urticaria is how long and chronic urticaria is how long?
Acute: less than 6 weeks
Chronic: more than 6-8 weeks
90
Urticaria treatment?
Benadryl 1mg/kg/dose a 6-8 hours or hydroxyzine 0.5 mg/kg/day
Epi 0.01 mg/kg up to 0.3 ml for angioedema/ anaphylaxis
Consider prednisone to be tapered.
91
This is an acute, mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction that can be minor and self limiting or major like Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis.
Erythema multiforme
92
Possible causes of erythema multiforme?
Possible specific triggers like medications, infections, malignancies, immunological disorders.
93
This has symptoms of small vesicles in center of lesion, urticaria, conjunctivitis.
EM minor
94
EM minor treatment?
Mild analgesics, cool compresses, antihistamines, short course of steroids.
95
Types of EM major?
Steven Johnson syndrome
| Toxic epidermal necrolysis
96
This has a brief prodrome, widespread cutaneous and mucous membrane involvement.
SJS
97
This has sunburn-like erythema, necrosis, and sloughing skin.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
98
This is vasculitis of the small vesicles affecting the skin, GI tract, and kidneys.
Henoch-schonlein purpura
99
Henoch-Schonlein purpura is the result of that in 75 percent of cases.
Strep infection
100
HSP symptoms?
Maculopapular rash changes to purpuric rash on elbows, ankles, and buttocks.
Polyarthralgias of the ankle and knee.
Edema of the hands, feet, scalp, and periorbital regions
101
Complications of HSP?
Usually mild in kids under 2.
Nephritis and abdominal complications d/t hemorrhage and edema of small intestine.
102
Labs for HSP?
```
CBC and bleeding time- should be normal
UA- look for protein and heme
Creatinine and stool- may be positive for blood
ASO titer and IgA- should be elevated
TC- rule out strep
```
103
Treatment for HSP?
Not necessary for mild cases.
Corticosteroids for GI or joint sx
ASA for arthritis
104
Acute febrile illness, turning into systemic vasculitis, most common under the age of 5.
Kawasaki disease
105
```
Fever for more than 5 days.
Bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis
Inflammation of mucus membranes
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Rash over trunk and extremities
Rhinorrhea and diarrhea
Extremely irritable
All symptoms of:
```
Kawasaki disease
106
Management of Kawasaki:
Prevention of thrombosis and aneurysm via hospitalization.
High dose IVIG and ASA for 2-3 months
Close follow-up to monitor potentially perm CAD
107
Rash with 1-5 cm herald spot with central clearing and a possible prodrome of malaise and fever or may be a symptomatic?
Pityriasis rosea
108
Treatment for pityriasis rosea?
Calamine, aveeno, topical antipruritics, sun, topical steroids
109
Tan to light brown macules, oval or irregular, can increase in number with age.
Cafe-au-lait nevi
110
When is a workup for neurofibromatosis necessary?
If six or more cafe-an-lait spots present that are larger than 0.5 cm are present
111
Raised nevi are:
Brown or black
112
Most common type of soft tissue growth in infancy that are usually present at birth but grow during the first year and then disappear.
Hemangioma
113
Fluid filled rashes may be:
HSV, herpes zoster, dyshidrosis, bullae
114
Soft pustules may be:
Acne vulgaris, rosacea, bacterial/fungal folliculitis
115
Solid nonred papules may be;
Pyrogenic granulomas
116
Solid nonred modules:
Furuncles
117
Solid red nonscaling rashes may be:
Urticaria, angioedema
118
Solid red scaling rash:
Pityriasis rosea
119
Inflammation of the hair follicle resulting in erythematous halo on scalp, axillae, extremities, and trunk.
Folliculitis
120
Hot tub folliculitis is caused by what organism and how is it treated?
Pseudomonas
| 5% acetic acid compresses
121
Folliculitis caused by pityrosporum and is common is athletes is treated with what?
Antifungals
122
This is an inflammatory skin disorder with neuro vascular dysregulation and augmented immune detection and response. Causes a facial eruption of papules and pustules, with flushing, redness, and telangiectasias.
Rosacea
123
Treatment for rosacea:
Metronidazole
Azelaic acid 15% gel
Doxycycline 40 mg
124
Up to 100s of cherry-colored, dome-shaped, polypoid papules ranging from 0.5-5mm in size.
Cherry hemangioma
125
Yellow to deep red exophytic, dome- shaped, 3 to 10 mm papules comprised of proliferating capillaries separated by thick fibrous brands and surrounded by an epithelial collarette. Require biopsy or excision.
Pyogenic granuloma
126
Localized, self limiting, viral skin infection which presents as firm, 1-2 mm, shiny or skin colored papules with central umbilication.
Molluscum contagiosum
127
Horny, scaly, hyperkeratotic lesions containing small black dots caused by HPV infection of the skin and mucosa.
Warts
128
Flat or raised, smooth, velvety, verrucous, and present as pseudo horn cysts. Can present anywhere except the lips, palms, and soles.
Seborrheic keratoses
129
Seborrheic keratoses may occur with:
GI malignancy if erupt all at once or
| Postinflammatory response
130
Benign skin growths composed of melanocyte derived nevus cells classified by the age of onset and arrangement of the nevus cells.
Nevi
131
Nevi are benign when:
Less than 6mm*
132
Reddish pink, dome shaped, smooth papules often occurring on the scalp, face, or legs of preadolescents and are worrisome for melanoma. Most derms recommend complete excision.
Spitz (spindle cell)
133
Transparent to yellow, rough scale, or plaques that resemble sandpaper, and arise within a background of uneven pigmentation, atrophy, thinning, and telangiectasis. Indicate SCC when lesions are thick and tender.
Actinic keratoses
134
Invasive, primary, cutaneous malignancies arising from keratinocytes of skin and mucosa most often found on the head, neck, and hands. Can be pink, dull red, poorly defined, dome shaped, and scaly with yellow keratin.
Squamous cell carcinomas
135
Smooth, pearly, translucent, pink lesions with telangiectasis.
Basal cell carcinoma
136
Uncommon, aggressive neuro endocrine carcinomas with possible infectious component, typically affect people over 65, and are firm, smooth, dome shaped, skin colored to red, nontender, 2-8mm nodules usually found on sun exposed areas of head and neck.
Merkel cell carcinomas
137
Red flags for melanomas:
New mole appears postpuberty that changes in color, shape, size
Long-standing mole changes
Mole has 3 or more colors
Mole itches/bleeds
New persistent lesion that grows, is pigmented or vascular in appearance
New pigmented lesion under a nail
138
Dermatology referrals for malignant melanomas if any suspicion of:
Derm surgeon: breslow below 0.75mm
| Surgical oncologist: breslow above 0.75mm
139
Eczema, weeping, peeling, and itching of hand.
Dyshidrotic eczema
140
Eczematous dermatitis of the leg that appears dry, fissured, erythematous, brown discoloration, erosion, and ulceration.
Stasis dermatitis
141
Stasis dermatitis treatment?
Support, emollients, corticosteroids, compression hose
142
Candidiasis can be ruled out with?
KOH wet mount
143
Therapy for psoriasis?
Phototherapy
Simple corticosteroids
Systemic therapy
144
This is a serious infection of soft tissue and structures around the eye that is caused by GABHS (older children), strep pneumo (younger children), staph aureus, and H. Flu
Orbital and peri orbital cellulitis
145
Orbital and periorbital cellulitis is more common in what ages?
Children under 5 with the median age of 7
146
Cardinal symptoms of orbital cellulitis?
Proptosis (bulging of the eye)
Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye)
Chemosis (eye irritation)
Caused by increased intraorbital pressure
147
Other symptoms of orbital cellulitis are:
```
Limited ocular mobility
Pain with eye movement
Reduced visual acuity
Orbital congestion
Headache
Fever
Lid edema
Rhinorrhea
Malaise
```
148
Periorbital cellulitis is typically caused by:
Trauma to the eyelid of eye
149
Orbital cellulitis is typically caused by:
Sinus infection
150
This is caused by circulating staph toxin, which can exfoliate the skin. It usually starts at respiratory site such as nose or mouth?
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
151
Describe the 2 phases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome:
Prodromal phase: bright erythema around mouth, fever, irritability
Exfoliative phase: tender, inflamed peeling skin; red oral mucosa, peeling on trunk
152
How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome diagnosed?
Nikolskys sign: rubbing erythematous skin sideways causes superficial epidermis to separate from deeper skin layers and slough off.
153
What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome called in neonates?
Ritter’s disease
154
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome can be related to what if peeling is not present?
Nonstreptococcal scarlet fever
155
Treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
ICU, systemic anti-staph antibiotic
156
This is caused by GABHS and manifests as red, roughened, diffuse, sandpaper-like rash.
Scarlett fever
157
Symptoms of scarlet fever:
Blanching rash in groin, axillae, abdomen, and trunk
Appears after 24 hours
Can have pastia’s lines (linear petechia in flexural creases)
White or strawberry tongue
Circumoral pallor
Desquamation in 1-3 weeks
158
Diagnosis of scarlet fever requires?
Rapid strep test or throat culture
159
This begins as red macules or papules and within a week, expands to a large, annular, and erythematous rash 5-15 cm in diabetes with a pale center?
Lyme disease
160
Lyme disease is caused by?
Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete
161
The early stage of Lyme disease has symptoms of?
Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, neck/joint stiffness, Lyme meningitis
162
The early disseminated disease of Lyme disease symptoms include:
Multiple erythema migrans (3-5 weeks after bite), facial palsy, aseptic meningitis, cardiac involvement (AV block and myocarditis), MSK pain
163
Long term (months or years) effects of Lyme disease?
Chronic arthritis and neuro sequelae
164
Diagnosis of Lyme disease?
Serology for Borrelia burgdorferi
165
Treatment of Lyme disease?
14-21 days of antibiotics
- kids over 8- doxycycline 100mg BID
- kids under 8- amoxicillin 25-50mg/kg TID or ceftriaxone daily for persistent disease sx
166
Treatment of neurologic Lyme disease?
Ceftriaxone 2g daily IV 14 days
| Doxy 200-400mg PO BID 10-28 days
167
Prophylaxis of Lyme disease?
Single dose of doxy 200mg
168
This is caused by neisseria meningitidis which causes leakage and vascular injury which may lead to DIC, irreversible shock, and multi system organ failure?
Meningococcemia
169
Symptoms of meningococcemia include:
Upper respiratory prodrome followed by high fever, chills, HA, toxicity, and hypotension
Fulminant purpural, urticarial, maculopapular, and petechial eruptions over trunk and extremities
170
Treatment for meningococcemia?
High dose PCN G q4-6 hours
Alternatives- cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol
171
Prophylaxis of meningococcemia?
Vaccination at age 11 before starting college
Ages 2-5 for high-risk children
172
This rash is a breakdown of the skins natural barrier due to chemical irritation (urine, proteolytic enzymes, and moisture in urine/feces)?
Irritant contact diaper rash (dermatitis)
173
This rash is a type of diaper dermatitis that has irritant, dry, red patches with laceration of the skin folds?
Chemical rash
174
This type of diaper rash has hyperpigmentation and erythema at folds and diaper edges?
Mechanical rash from diapers
175
When do you use anticandidal agents in any clinically significant diaper dermatitis?
If present for greater than 72 hours, regardless of morphology as C. albicans is likely playing a secondary role
176
This is a mild illness caused by a single- stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a glucolipid envelope that is acquired from respiratory secretions and invades respiratory epithelium.
Rubella or German measles
177
Symptoms of rubella?
Lymphadenopathy, erythematous macular papular discrete rash, mild pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, HA, malaise, low grade fever
178
How is rubella diagnosed?
Viral isolates from NP secretions
179
How is rubella prevented?
MMR vaccine at 12-15 months and 4-7 years
May give IG for pregnant, nonimmunized, exposed women and then vaccinate postpartum
180
This causes an ill, miserable child with an upper respiratory catarrhal prodromal phase consisting of Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, OM, and a dusky, red maculopapular rash on face that spreads to trunk.
Measles
181
Is measles or rubella teratogenic to pregnant women?
Rubella
182
Measles treatment?
Supportive care
| Avoid ASA
183
This occurs between 6 months to 3 years and has an abrupt onset of illness with high fever. Child may have URI sx, OM, diffuse erythema of posterior pharynx and soft palate, GI sx, and a macular erythematous rash during febrile phase or after fever resolves.
Roseola
184
Roseola management?
Symptomatic care
185
This is caused by parvovirus B19 with symptoms of low-grade fever, HA, child’s, followed by erythematous facial rash, and lacy, maculopapular rash.
Fifth’s disease ( erythema infectiousum)
186
Who is most affected by fifths disease?
School-ages kids in late winter and spring
187
What could fifths disease cause in pregnant women?
Hydrops fetalis in fetus
188
This is caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 70 and presents with vesicles or red papules found on tongue, hands, and feet (rash often appears when fever abates)
Hand foot and mouth
189
Hand foot and mouth treatment?
Symptomatic
Tylenol, Benadryl, and Maalox/kaopectate for oral lesions.
Avoid salicylates!
190
This is caused by the herpesvirus varicellae and causes a prodrome of low-grade fever, URI symptoms, a maculopapular varicella crop lesions, diffuse vesicles and erythema, poor appetite, malaise, and pruritus.
Varicella
191
When does varicella typically occur?
Late autumn, spring, and winter
192
Treatment for varicella?
Symptomatic: aveeno baths, baking soda baths, calamine lotion, and acyclovir in select cases
Avoid salicylates!
Hospitalize susceptible patients and may give IG
193
What requires an urgent referral to ophthalmology with shingles?
Lesions on face (forehead, eyes, nose)
