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Clinical Medicine > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A
  • area of skin color change

- no elevation/depression

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2
Q

Patch

A

large macule

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3
Q

Papule

A
  • elevated
  • less than 5mm
  • isolated or grouped
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4
Q

Nodule

A
  • elevated
  • larger than papule (6mm)
  • epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous
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5
Q

Tumors

A

-large nodule

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6
Q

Plaque

A
  • plateau like elevation

- greater than 5mm

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7
Q

Wheal

A
  • rounded or flat topped

- red papule or plaque

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8
Q

Vesicle

A
  • circumscribed
  • elevated
  • fluid filled
  • dome shaped
  • umbilicated
  • less than 0.5 cm
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9
Q

Bulla

A
  • large vesicle

- greater than 0.5 cm

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10
Q

Pustule

A
  • circumscribed

- purulent exudate (papules w/ pus)

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11
Q

Cyst

A

-cavities with a lining contain a liquid or semisolid

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12
Q

Telangietasia

A

dilated superficial vessel

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13
Q

Exoriation

A

liner skin erosion from scratching

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14
Q

Lichenification

A
  • thickening increased skin markings

- chronic inflammation from irritation

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15
Q

Edema

A

water in tissue

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16
Q

Scale

A

deal epidermal cells still attached to skin

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17
Q

Crust

A

scab

18
Q

Fissure

A

deep skin split

19
Q

Erosin

A
  • loss of epidermis

- no scarring

20
Q

Ulceration

A
  • loss of epidermis into dermis

- w/wo scarring

21
Q

Atropy

A

skin thinning

22
Q

Scar

A

abnormal fibrous tissue

23
Q

Auspitz

A

take off scale and get pinpoint bleeding

24
Q

Nikosky

A

pushing on blister makes it bigger

25
Q

Koebner

A

minor trauma more lesions

26
Q

Photopatch test

A

for photoallergy

27
Q

Patch test

A

for allergy

28
Q

Dermatographism

A

write on skin and get lesion

29
Q

Diascopy

A

Indications: to differentiate types of lesions
Risk: none
Costs: cheap
Procedure: using a microscope slide on the skin to see if it blanches

30
Q

Dermoscopy/Dermatoscopy

A
  • 10x magnification of skin
  • user friendly
  • inexpensive
  • standard in dermatology offices
  • May become popular in primary care
31
Q

Aceto whiteing

A

Indications: to differentiate warts from other lesions - typically cervix
Procedure: soak lesion with acetic acid for 5 minutes
Risk: none
Cost: cheap

32
Q

Gram stain

A

Indications: to ID and confirm presence of bacteria
Procedure: obtain specimen and following staining technique (blue G+ and red G-)
Benefits: rapid
Cost: $20

33
Q

Culture

A

-Gold standard
Indications: to ID/confirm type of pathogen
Procedure: obtain a sample (x2) and incubate
Risk: little
Disadvantage: takes a couple days
Cost: $50

34
Q

Potassium Hydroxide Prep

A

-KOH prep
Indications: direct microscope view of hair, nail, skin for fungal elements
-dissolves anything that doesn’t have a cell wall
Procedure: obtain specimen, add one drop of 10-20% KOH, cover, heat/cool, and examine
Risks: minimal
Benefits: quick, cheap, easy

35
Q

Photo therapy

A

For: hard to control eczema, psoriasis, vitiligo, chronic pruritis
Risk: skin irritation/burning, risk of skin cancer
Cost: multiple office visits

36
Q

Photodynamic therapy

A

-UVA irradiation w/ pretreatment with systemic psoralen
For: skin cancers, acne
Procedure: add the chemical and treat with light. Neoplastic cells take up more
Limitations: not for metastatic cancer
Cost: $2000-3000

37
Q

Tzank smear

A

Indications: rapid identification of herpes (simplex, varicella, zoster)
Procedure: obtain and fix specimen, add 5% methylene blue, dry and look for multinucleated keratinocyes
Risks: minimal
Benefits: quick and easy

38
Q

Wood’s light exam

A

Indication: non-invasive procedure to identify tinea capitas, pseudomonas, corneal abrasions
Procedure: UV light used to illuminate area
Risks: none
Benefits: quick and easy
Cost: cheap

39
Q

Skin biopsy

A

Gold standard
Risks: surgical procedure
Punch: full thickness skin specimens
Shave: shave off top of lesion

40
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Indications: tx of benign skin lesions: warts, seborrheic keratosis, and actinic keratosis
MOA: liquid nitrogen creates intracellular ice to destroy cells
Risk: can be painful and possible nerve damage
Cost: $200
Does not give tissue sample for bx

41
Q

Hyfercator/electrocautery

A

Indications: warts, acrochordons, actinic keratoses
Risk: scarring, nerve damage, burns, pain, pigment alteration. Don’t use in pt w/ pacemakers
No biopsy sample
Cost: pricey

Clinical Medicine (19 decks)

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