Derm 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Cold: frostbite
A
- Freezing of water in AND around cells
- Vasoconstriction=tissue anoxia
- Endothelial damage=increased vascular permeability=decreased BP
- Coagulation necrosis from blood clots
2
Q
Burns: dry vs. moist heat
A
- Dry heat: desiccation + carbonization
- Moist heat: coagulation of tissue
3
Q
1st and 2nd degree burns
A
- *partial thickness
- Accelerated cellular metabolism
- Inactivation of enzymes
- Vascular injury
- Scaring, but adnexa are preserved
4
Q
3rd degree burns
A
- Coagulation of epidermis and dermis
- (4th degree burns extend into fascia and SQ)
- Sloughing
- *necrosis of epidermis, follicular and dermis with formation of vesicles
5
Q
Solar injury
A
- Actinic dermatosis (‘sun burn’)
- UVB is most damaging
o Acute=sunburn
o Chronic=solar dermatosis or neoplasia (SCC) - *develop in poorly haired or lightly pigmented sites (ex. abdomen)
6
Q
Primary photosensitization=NOT same as sunburn
A
- Ingestion of preformed photodynamic substances
a. St. John’s wort
b. Buckwheat
c. Spring parsley - Administration of drugs
- Abnormal porphyrin metabolism (ex. inheritance)
**erythema and edema
7
Q
Secondary photosensitization
A
- Hepatic diseases
o Lantana
o Mycotoxins
o Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
8
Q
Chemical injury
A
- Contact irritant dermatitis
- Direct damage caused by caustic chemicals
- Systemically distributed
o Heavy metals or plants - **hyperkeratosis, squamous metaplasia
9
Q
Dry gangrene on distal extremities, ear and tail tips: what is it?
A
- Ergot poisoning
10
Q
Ergot poisoning
A
- Ingestion of grain/seeds infected by Claviceps purpurea
o *ischemia of distal extremities, tails, etc - **DUE TO VASOCONSTRICTION (can cause digestive issues as well)
11
Q
Fescue foot
A
- Infected with fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum
- *ergot alkaloids but only on the FOOT
o Edema and ischemia=hoof slough off b/c of it
12
Q
Rabies vaccine alopecia
A
- Injection site reactions
- Panniculitis
- 3 to 6 months after vaccination
- Ex. fluffy dog owners
13
Q
Acral lick dermatitis
A
- Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis
- Granulation tissue and fibrosis
- *usually front foot AND an allergen (ex. grass allergy in spring)
14
Q
‘hot spots’=pyotraumatic folliculitis (dermatitis)
A
- Secondary to licking and scratching
- Usually due to underlying disease
- **Moist skin (ex. under the ear after swimming)
15
Q
Feline psychogenic alopecia
A
- May have an underlying disease (ex. hypothyroidism)
- *can see breakage in hair follicles=chewing on them
16
Q
Callus
A
- Thickening of skin
- *not bad
- Can’t make them go away
17
Q
Poxvirus
A
- Macules=small ones
o Not raising the skin - Vesicles=raised
- Crusts=mainly on year
- Ex. swine=proliferative dermatitis
18
Q
Capripoxvirus
A
- Sheep=THROUGHOUT ENTIRE BODY
o Papules on udder
o Esophagus, lungs, tongue
19
Q
Monkey pox
A
- NOT a concern in vet med yet
- Thought swine had it but it was swine pox
20
Q
*contagious ecthyma=ORF
A
- Eyes and mouth
o Can’t nurse or eat=too sore=die of starvation
o *proliferative, crusting dermatitis - Parapoxvirus
- Young sheep and goats
- High morbidity and low mortality
- Weight loss in lambs=money loss
- Zoonosis possible
21
Q
Papillomaviruses
A
- GAIN access through defects in epithelium
- ENTER basal layer
- Exophytic or endophytic papillary benign masses
- *sarcoids=fibropapillomas in horses (due to BPV 1 and 2)
o If try to remove=come back (sometimes even bigger than before) - *can become a tumor
- If dog under 6 months=give it time and likely will go away
22
Q
Bacterial infections
A
- Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp.
o Ex. greasy pig disease=exudative epidermitis (usually goes away after 1 month) - Neutrophilic pustules that develop into crusts in dogs and cats
23
Q
Dermatophilosis
A
- Cattle or horses in BC
o Wet conditions
o Treatment=dry it out - *due to dermatophilius congolensis
- *thick creamy material at base of hair
o Put on slide and see the pathogen
24
Q
Deep pyoderma
A
- Deep bacterial infections involve the entire infundibular, isthmic and/or inferior portion of the hair follicles
- *less common than superficial pyoderma
- S. pseudointermedius folliculitis/furunculosis in dogs
- Cat fight abscesses
- *often secondary
25
Q
Feline leprosy
A
- Mycobacterium lepraemurium
- Cold, wet areas=pacific NW (USA/Canada)
- *head, neck and limbs
o Several granulomas (granulomatous dermatitis)=macrophages=ALWAYS BAD
o Filled with acid fast (PINK) mycobacterium - Difficult to cure and NOT common (reportable disease in some provinces and states)
26
Q
Erysipelas
A
- Secondary to systemic bacterial infections
- E. rhusiopathiase (diamonds) due to rhomboid shaped skin lesions
- Vasculitis, thrombosis, and ischemia (infarction)
27
Q
Contagious foot rot
A
- Trauma and moisture
o Bacteroides nodosus: produce potent proteolytic enzymes
o Fusobacterium necrophorum: necrosis resulting in separation and sloughing of hooves
28
Q
A
