derivat asbok

Question 1

What are the derivatives of carboxylic acid?

Answer 1

Halida asam, anhidrida asam, ester, amida, nitril, keton

These are compounds that yield carboxylic acids upon hydrolysis.

Question 2

Order of reactivity for carboxylic acid derivatives?

Answer 2

Halida asam > anhidrida asam > ester ≈ asam karboksilat > amida > nitril > keton

This order indicates how readily each derivative reacts in chemical reactions.

Question 3

What is an example of an acid halide?

Answer 3

Asetil klorida (etanoil klorida), benzoil klorida

These are examples of compounds containing the acid halide functional group.

Question 4

How is acid halide synthesized?

Answer 4

Using reagents like PCl3, SOCl2, or PCl5 with carboxylic acids

This process involves converting carboxylic acids into acid halides.

Question 5

True or False: Acid halides are irritating compounds.

Answer 5

True

For example, benzoil klorida is used as a lachrymator (tear gas).

Question 6

What reaction occurs between acid halides and water?

Answer 6

Hydrolysis to produce carboxylic acids

This is a common reaction for acid halides, leading to the formation of acids.

Question 7

What is the main product of the reaction between acid halides and alcohol?

Answer 7

Ester

This reaction is used to synthesize esters from acid halides.

Question 8

What happens when acid halides react with ammonia or primary/secondary amines?

Answer 8

Formation of amides

This reaction neutralizes HCl produced during the process.

Question 9

What is the role of tertiary amines in reactions with acid halides?

Answer 9

Act as HCl scavengers

Tertiary amines cannot form amides, hence they are used to capture HCl.

Question 10

What is the result of the reaction between acid halides and carboxylate salts?

Answer 10

Formation of anhydrides

This reaction is used to synthesize anhydrides from acid halides.

Question 11

What is transesterification?

Answer 11

Reaction of an ester with an alcohol

This process is used for exchanging the alkyl groups of esters.

Question 12

What is a lactone?

Answer 12

Cyclic ester formed from hydroxy acids

Lactones are typically five- or six-membered rings.

Question 13

What is the common feature of polyesters?

Answer 13

Bifunctional reactants

These compounds are formed from the reaction of diacids and diols.

Question 14

What is an example of a polymer derived from amides?

Answer 14

Nylon 6,6

This is a well-known example of a polyamide.

Question 15

How can nitriles be synthesized?

Answer 15

From alkyl halides using nucleophilic substitution

This process involves the reaction of alkyl halides with cyanide ion.

Question 16

What is the primary reaction of nitriles with water?

Answer 16

Hydrolysis to form carboxylic acids

This reaction typically involves the addition of water and acid or base.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Amides are typically _______.

Answer 17

solid except formamide

Formamide is the only amide that is a liquid at room temperature.

Question 18

What is the effect of substituting hydrogen with alkyl or aromatic groups in amides?

Answer 18

Reduces hydrogen bonding and lowers melting point

This substitution affects the physical properties of amides.

Question 19

What is the outcome of the reduction of amides?

Answer 19

Formation of primary amines

This process typically involves reducing agents like LiAlH4.

Question 20

What are the products of the hydrolysis of esters?

Answer 20

Carboxylic acids and alcohols

This reaction can occur in acidic or basic conditions.

Question 21

What is the characteristic feature of anhydrides in chemical reactions?

Answer 21

React with water to yield carboxylic acids

Anhydrides are reactive towards nucleophiles.