depth study perth characteristics and transportation challenge Flashcards
describe the site of perth
- Located on a a coastal plain which is sandy and gently undualting and is between 0-60m ABS.The flat undulating nature of the plain has facilitated extensive urban sprawl of low density urban development
- the western part of the plaine consists of wetlands and interdunal swales such as (joondulup,lake monger and bibra lakes)
- on the east side of the coastal plain it is flatter ranging from 0-20m ABS consisting mostly of flood plains like the swan and canning river. this effectively dividing perth up.
-Located west of perth is the darling escarpment and steeply rises in elevation of 300m ABS. this rocky landscape making it undesirable for urban development
- the coastal geology is predominantly limestone and sand
describe the situational factors of perth
- Situated 2700kms west of adelaide
- Perth is located 180km north of bumbury
- perth city on the southwest coast of WA has the Lattiude of 31dgrees 57’S and longitude of 115deg51’E
- the original situation if perth was 17km up stream from freemantle, this was mainly for defence force reasons as large ships couldnt enter up this way. this old location was located close to many resources such as fresh drinking water, clay and timber.
describe the internal morphology
Is the land uses and transport patterns that are evident with the urban area the most common land use types include residential, commercial, recreational, industrial a variety of mixed use and special purpose land use zones.
these are comprised of 8 functional zoneswhich are mostly cncentracted around perths CBD
- CBD, INNER MIXED ZONES, ESTABLISHED RESIDENTIAL ZONES, NEWER GROWTH ZONES, INDUSTRIAL GROWTH ZONE, RURAL URABN FRINGE, OUTER BUISNESS DISTRICT, SPECIAL PURPOSE ZONES
pt 2 internal morphology:
describe 2 characteristics with examples of each functional land use zone: CBD,IMZ, ESTABLISHED RESIDENTIAL ZONES AND NEWER GROWTH ZONES
CBD
- Main purposes: commercial, administrative and appartments
- Influenced by historical factors such as availabilty to freshwater
- All train serives converdge at CBD
Many heritage sites such as perth town hall 1870 have been subjected to inertia
INNER MIXED ZONES (IMZ)
- Located just out of CBD
- Large mixed use fuctions including recreational, transport and residential
- High accessiblity
- The process of invasion and succession ensures this zone is dynamic and contantly changing
- Often subjected to urban bright wehr and owners are reluctant to renovateproperty Due to potential of future invasion and redevelopment potntially leading to urban renewal projects like east perthrezoned areain the 1990s
ESTABLISHED RESIDENTIAL AREA
- Dominated by housing
- Pricescan vary depending on attractiveness eg claremont median is $1.82million andmorleys median is$5220000
- Include older people as they aged with the house or people with high economic means
NEWER GROWTH ZONES
- Tend to be newer project homes
- Value Is lower making it more affordable and attracting younger gens
Include,alkimos and aveley
describe perths external morphology
External morphology refers to the outside shape of thebuilt up area and process that created the shape.
- perths metropolitian area is restricted by the indian ocean to the west and darling escarpmentn to the east.
- the swan canning river dividing the areas promoting the semi-stellate shape with four corridors branching off the rivers. These including : north west (mitchell freeway), eastern (great easten hwy), the southeast (albany hwy), southwest (kwinana freeway) and fithone is north along great northen hwy.
- These transport links being an important situational factor as they influence the north and south extension of the urban areas
satelite communites which are little pockets of smaller urban developments are also visible. including ellenbrook, the vines and byford. however as infilling further occurs these start to deminish as like brabham anddayton begin to connect caversham and ellenbrook together.
explain the demographic characteristic of age and gender
perth city’s age and gender demographic show a general increasing trend towards a aging population as in 2011 median age 35.7 and in 2021 th emedian age was 37 with Rockingham and darling scarp having higher median ages
- From 35 yrs onwards greater perth and WA have similar female populations until 80+ when more are greater in perth. While Male population is greater in WA from 40yrs onwards,
This may be due to increase in health facilities that hold older people and can advocate for the females needs.for the older male population ditrubution could be a reflection of the type of work available outside of urban perth eg MINING/ FARMING
ERZ (established residential zones)
- More established infrastructure greater acess to public transport and halth facilities which is important to 65yr olds + - Family homes owned for a while there which will acumulate wealth
NGZ ( newer growth zone)
- Lack health facilities and doent attract older people due to lack of parking, presense of noise from entertainment meaning younger people would live theres
explain socioeconomic distribution in perth
- Places loacted close ot the coast or river tend to have a population with higher weekly incomes than those on less desirable site and situation locations such as high wycombe postionioned next tro international airport where median income is $1758 compared to cott with median of $3303
Low socio economic areas are occupied with labourers and lowskilled employers. Girraween = unemployment rate of 12.7% and this correlates to the levels of education as the population of the suburb only has a 9.9% has a bachelors degree or higher.
High socioeconomic areas associated with proffessionals who have higher education for example Cottesloe unemployment rate was only 4.7% with 51.2% of residents completing a bachelors degree or higher
describe the cultural distribution of perth as well as ethnic clustering
- In 2021 59.5% of people in perth were born in australia and the others in england NZ, INDIA and south africa
- In greater perth 74% speak english at home 2.3% mandarin, 1.1% italian,
- torres strait islander people make up 2% of the population
Ethnic clustering
- This is a term to describe when groups of people from similar backgrounds like near the same location.
- For example the greek community, magority migrating in 1930s-1950s in northbridge and north perth where the first greek orthodox churches were constructed. Over time a large proportion of these people moved to stirling and bacatta. - Students from china, singpore, indonesia, hongkong tend to locate near universities such as in suburbs like Joondualup (ECU), Nedlands(UWA). This accounting for a high amount of rental properties such as west perth 63.5% being rented
pt3
provide 2 characteristics and examples for the following functioal zones: industrial zones, rural urban fringe, outer buissness district, special purpose zones
INDUSTRIAL ZONES
- Comprised of light, med,heavy industrial functions
- Have been influenced by the development of transport
- Segrated due to additional noise between buffer zones]
like malaga and reid hwy
RURAL URBAN FRINGE (RUF)
- The zone in which urban land use and rural land use converdge
- Includes prisionsm viticulture, residential dwellings
- Subjected to invasion and succession due to urban areas expanding
such as upper swan and mudaring
OUTER BUISSNESS DISTRICT
- Used to decentralise jobs outside of the CBD making them easily accessible
- Prodominat function is retail, health and buisnesses.
Joondulup and midland
SPECIAL PURPOSE ZONES
- These areas serve a specific fuction like education facilities like UWA, prisions (badyup womens prision), airports in jandakot
- Located where its cheaper and more readily available and are often undesirebale in nature.
prisions (badyup womens prision), airports in jandakot
describe the impact on transport : road design
Many causes with an overemphasis of working in the CBD. Its estamated that 200,000 people converdge on the CBD each day not originally designed for such high car use the streets were narrow and grid like in patterns for exmaple beaufrot street.
Congestion occurs on the freeways due to the continuous need to merge traffic, creating ques on both mitchell and kwinnana freeway particularly close the CBD.
describe the cause of the transport challenge: urban sprawl and car dependancy
Many new suburbs are not well serviced by public transport therefore further encouraging high car usage. Approx 500,000 people in perth have poor access to public transport, one in five outer perth residents travel more than 30kms to work.
for example: People in the city of wanneroo 9.5 % used public transport while 71.3% private vehicle
- Ellenbrook loacted 30kms from the perth CBD and by 2021 ellenbrook had a population of 47,000 and is envisioned to reach a population of 80,000. serviced by public busses construction of a 21km long railway line to ellenbrook is expected to open in 2024. this estamating to reduce the travel time by half to 30 minuets. - Estimated that 90% of car travel involves only one person in the car thus contributing to a higher number of cars on the road
describe the causes of the transport challenge: COVID-19
- During the pandemic increase in 32% of workers working from home, resulting in a reduction of traffic volumes, congestion levels and air pollution.
- Public transport use also decreased dropping by 87.5% from feb to march in 2020 indecating people chose driving over public transport.
- Mandurah railway line, patronage decreased by nearly 20% in 2019-20 causing higher congestion and difficulties finding car parking.
- However people returning back to their place of work after restriction eased have been reluctant to use public transport opting to travel alone in vehicles for safety & social distancing : contributing to congestion issue in the perth metro area
explain the scope of the challenge of transport in perth
- Perth’s road network shaped by historical decisions and CBD-focused planning.
- Freeways and railways reinforce CBD importance but cause congestion, especially during peak hours.
- Population growth in Perth surged in 2019-2020, leading to crowded freeways.
- Traffic congestion results from overused networks not designed for high volumes, causing delays.
- Weather, events, and accidents worsen congestion on transport networks.
- A 2019 study found Mitchell and Kwinana freeways as Perth’s most congested, with Kwinana ranking among the top 10 worst roads in Australia.
- Perth’s congestion affects economic, social, and environmental factors and adds 96 hours to annual work commutes.
- Perth’s car-dependent metro area, with 59% of households owning multiple cars, is the highest among Australian cities.
- Personal trips make up 63% of road usage, with 79% of commuters driving, 8.1% using public transport, and 3.8% walking or cycling (2016 census).
- In 2020, public transport use dropped by 80% during COVID restrictions, leading to increased car travel.
- In 2023, passenger numbers rebounded due to the new airport line and expected growth from the Yanchep rail extension, creating 1,370 jobs.
- Balancing increased road capacity for commercial use with promoting public and active transport is a challenge for WA state government and stakeholders.
discuss the views of a stakeholder groups related to the challenge. (bike network plan)
Main roads western australia (MRWA)
Responsible for approximately 19,000 kms of road works
- They prioritiese the community by providing a road network which is efficient and impores producitivity,
“The road towards zero” which aims to elimentate death and serious injury on the road network while managing the interactions between road users and road infrastructure
- Work with department of lands heritage and abroiginal people to minimise any potential impacts to aboriginal heritage sites
Minimal impact
- 46,000 tonnes of crushed recycled concrete on roads, replacing all fluorescent tubes in the graham farmer freeway tunnel with LED lighting to reduce GHG emmssions by 2%
upgrading projects they’re working on:
○extending mitchell fwy to romeo rd to allow people to moe around the northern suburbs faster and safer
○ Widening tonkin hwy
Public transport authority
- State gov authority which are responsible for rail, bus and ferry services in metro perth
- They aim to encourage people to switch from car to public transport for environmental and cost benefits and reducing congestion.
- Theyre responsible for transperth
- Transperth include 1500 buses that service over 280 standard routes.
- Transperth can move 50000 passenger per hr where as on freeway only 2500 people per hr
- High infrustructure costs have caused the 22km long train line from perth to mirrabooka in 2016 to be postponed then abandoned due to budget pressures
- Transperth has received critism for being unreliable, fares being too high, passenger safety as an issue and operating an outdated system.
In a bid to encourage more public tranport use the 2021 campaign the labor gov promised to cap public transport fares to reduce risinf livng costs, this could equate to saving as much as $3000 a year.
explain a planning strategies used to address the challenge: bike network
Creating well designed connected cycling infrastructure is going to be built to encourage more perth residents to ride rather then rely on private transportation to reduce road congestion, particularyly on major transport routes leading to perths CBD.
- The west au bicycle netweok plan released a plan to improve these path structures. It proposes new cycling routes, with additional river and lake crossings and will be planned in conjunction with local government agencies
- . The programs projects include the kwinnana freeway principle shared path(PSP), freo railway PSP, midland PSP and mitchelle freeway PSP.
Perth bicycle grants program is administered by DOT and matched the local governemnt expenditure dollar for dollar for the planning,design and construction of bicycle infrustructure.
- key achievement safety bay road shared path project connecting warnbro train station for baldivis residents at the cost of $3.2 million
- Connecting schools to encourage more children to ride
- Adding path infrastructure, bicycle end of trip facilites and encouraging behavior changes.
