Depth 1: The Rule of Nicholas II 1894-1905

Question 1

What year were the great reforms?

Answer 1

1861

Question 2

What did the great reforms do?

Answer 2

Abolish serfdom

Question 3

Why did the serfs not like the great reforms?

Answer 3

They had to pay for land that they felt was theirs

Question 4

How many years would it take the serfs to pay off their debts?

Answer 4

49 years - Redemption payments

Question 5

What was happening to the Russian economy at the end of the 19th century?

Answer 5

Developing rapidly

Question 6

What class was newly formed in the late 19th century?

Answer 6

The urban working class (in cities)

Question 7

What percentage of the population were urban working class in the early 19th century?

Answer 7

2% (3 million)

Question 8

What was the Russian population in 1861?

Answer 8

74 million

Question 9

What was the Russian population in 1914?

Answer 9

164 million

Question 10

What did farmers want more of?

Answer 10

More land (more mouths to feed and no money or food)

Question 11

What is nationalism?

Answer 11

Nations making up Russia wanted independence and to govern themselves, some even considered they should be able to rule other countries.

Question 12

What countries were nationalist?

Answer 12

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland

Question 13

How many serfs were freed by the Great Reforms?

Answer 13

40 million

Question 14

What was established in 1864?

Answer 14

Local governments- Zemstva

Question 15

When was Alexander II assasinated?

Answer 15

1881

Question 16

What was Russia doing in the early 19th century in order to remain a great world power?

Answer 16

Industrialisation

Question 17

What percentage of the population was made up of peasants?

Answer 17

more than 80%

Question 18

When did Tsar Nicholas II come to the throne?

Answer 18

1894

Question 19

Why did Alexander III death have an effect on Nicholas II?

Answer 19

He died suddenly, Nicholas wasn’t ready to rule

Question 20

How old was Nicholas II when he came to the throne?

Answer 20

26 years old

Question 21

What were the four main hubs of industrialisation in Russia?

Answer 21

Baku on the Caspian sea (oil), Eastern Ukraine (coal, iron steel), Moscow (textiles) and St Petersburg (textiles and engineering

Question 22

How much did Moscow and St Petersburg population increase in the 1890’s?

Answer 22

25%

Question 23

Where was there unrest in Russia in the early 1900’s?

Answer 23

The Black Earth Region

Question 24

Why was the government responsible for the unrest in the black Earth region in the early 1900’s?

Answer 24

They tried to make peasantry pay for industrialisation, high taxes on alcohol, sugar, heating oil and matches.

Question 25

What happened in the Black Earth region of Russia in the early 1900’s?

Answer 25

Landowners estates attacked, looted and burned

Question 26

What was Russia’s penal code?

Answer 26

Harsh- trade unions and strikes illegal

Question 27

What years were there strikes in St Petersburg and by who?

Answer 27

1896 and 1897 by textile workers.

Question 28

Who had assassinated Tsar Alexander II in 1881?

Answer 28

People’s will terror organisation

Question 29

What 3 political groups were established in the late 1890’s?

Answer 29

The Bund (Jewish socialist party in Poland 1897), Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (1898) and Social Revolutionary Party (1902)

Question 30

What year were the Bund formed?

Answer 30

1897

Question 31

What year were the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party established?

Answer 31

1898

Question 32

What year were the Social Revolutionary Party established?

Answer 32

1902

Question 33

What terror organisation operated in 1902?

Answer 33

The Combat Organisation (linked to SR)

Question 34

What was the Combat Organisation’s 1902 campaign?

Answer 34

Assassination campaign targeting governmental officials

Question 35

Who were some victims of the Combat organisation’s campaign?

Answer 35

Dimitry Sipyagin, 1902 and Vyacheslav von Plehve, 904 (both Ministers of the Interior)