Depth 1 - Challenging succession

Question 1

What was Henry’s claim to the throne

Answer 1

Henry claim came through the Beaufort family who were descendants of the third son of Edward III

Question 2

Why was Henry’s claim weak

Answer 2

Beaufort family were made illegitimate in the early 14th century but made legitimate on the condition that them and their descendants could not claim the throne

his father edmund tudor had no claim, so his claim came through a women - seen as weaker

Question 3

who had a stronger claim than Henry

Answer 3

John De la pole - he was Richard III nephew and was heir presumptive - meant that he was next in line since Richard had no surviving children

Earl of warwick Edward - also the nephew of Richard III - since he was young Henry had him locked up but ppl still used him as a focus vs Henry

Edward IV children - princes of the tower - presumed dead but ppl used them as a focus vs Henry

Question 4

how did Henry secure his throne

Answer 4

his coronation and backdated his reign

he rewarded his supporters

Question 5

When did Henry backdate his reign to

Answer 5

21 august 1485 - day before bosworth

Question 6

what was the titulus regius

Answer 6

It made edward and elizabeth woodville marriage illegitimate - and their future kids were also illegitimate

Question 7

Why did Henry cancel the titulus regius

Answer 7

He had to so he could marry elizabeth of York - daughter of Edward and elizabeth woodville - cancelled it so he his future children would be legitimate - cemented yorkist support

Question 8

Who did Henry reward

Answer 8

Jasper Tudor his uncle - duke of bedford

Thomas stanley his stepfather - earl of derby

Thomas lovell a yorkist - treasurer of household

john morton - chancellor and archbishop of canterbury

Question 9

what was act of resumption

Answer 9

allowed Henry to take back crown lands that had been granted away since 1455

Question 10

simnel background

Answer 10

an 10 year old pretender who was used to focus opposition against Henry

Question 11

who did Simnel try to impersonate and why this an error

Answer 11

Earl of Warwick - the real earl of warwick was in the tower of london and Henry parades him through the streets

Question 12

how did Margaret of Burgundy help John de la pole and francis lovell

Answer 12

she used her money and power to help them raise troops - 2000 german mercenaries

Question 13

how did ireland react to Simnel

Answer 13

They crowned him as King in Dublin and launched a combined invasion of england

Question 14

how did the earl of northumberland and henry percy react to the rebel army arriving in the north

Answer 14

He did nothing to stop them, similar to Bosworth where he watched from the sidelines

henry percy was more focused on being neutral even tho he was the first line of defence

Question 15

Henry response to simnel threat

Answer 15

he ordered the coasts to be guarded but the rebels still landed

he gradually moved northwards and westwards gathering men and supplies as he went

8th 1487 adopted his base kenilworth castle - waited for news here and once received he marched north meeting the rebels at stoke

Question 16

how serious was the threat from Simnel

Answer 16

it was dangerous as it was a mix of rival claimants, discontented yorkists and foreign support - simnel was a puppet for de la pole

they raised an army supported by margaret of Burgundy

support from ireland was important - it was a jumping-off point for anyone that wanted to invade england

henry didn’t realise de la pole was part of the rebellion - inexperienced

Question 17

how and why was henry able to overcome the challenge from simnel

Answer 17

they made mistakes and lacked support along with good decisions from henry

1.decision for simnel to impersonate earl of warwick

2. the army was mercenaries not die hard yorkists
3. irish nobility such as kildare did not accompany the army but watched what happened
4. didn’t gain support in the north even tho it was mainly richardian and yorkist
5. most landed elites preferred stability under Henry - yorkist earl of surrey was in the towers and didn’t take the chance to escape
6. Henry’s own actions - he reacted swiftly once hearing news and his tactics were successful - reinforced his strength - removed 2 threats in de la pole and francis lovell

7.

Question 18

what was the acts of attainder

Answer 18

Henry passed 28 acts of attainder against the simnel rebels - declared them guilty without putting them on trial

Question 19

Who was Perkin warbeck and who did he claim to be

Answer 19

pretender emerged from ireland in 1941 -

claimed to be Richard duke of york - one of the princes of the tower

Question 20

why was Warbecks claim a problem in comparison to simnel

Answer 20

Henry couldn’t disprove it as the real duke of york disappeared in 2483 - unlike simnel claim where henry produces the real Earl of warwick

Question 21

what was Ireland reaction to warbeck and how did it differ to Simnel

Answer 21

Earl of Kildare not keen to get involved directly - irish support failed to materialise

differed to simnel who was welcomed and made king at dublin

Question 22

Where did Warbeck receive foreign support

Answer 22

he moved to burgundy where he received acceptance from margaret

margaret claimed that warbeck was her nephew

Question 23

Why did Margaret choose to support Warbeck

Answer 23

She was determined to remove Henry - she wanted to restore the yorkist line and warbeck was an opportunity for that

Question 24

warbeck challenge response in england

Answer 24

agents from burgundy infiltrated england and there were cases of men trying to recruit support for warbeck

sir william stanley helped henry at bosworth and was given the title chamberlain of the kings household - implicate in a plot against henry which was a problem since he was close

Question 25

warbeck challenge response from scotland

Answer 25

Warbeck moved to scotland and James IV wanted to cause trouble for england

Question 26

why did warbeck move to scotland

Answer 26

attempted a landing at deal in Kent, he had 300 men - failed to get support and fled

Question 27

why did warbeck attempt fail in 1496

Answer 27

he had 1400 men and was unable to get support so went back to scotland - similar to simnel

Question 28

what happened in Cornwall and why was it a problem

Answer 28

Henry needed to raise taxes to fight warbeck which caused a rebellion in cornwall

cornwall rebels were about 15000 and fought henry at kent

Question 29

how did henry overcome warbeck

Answer 29

henry has been on the throne for 6 years - he had experience

he used his children to create foreign alliances

used a combination of punishment and rewards - those loyal such as edward courtenay had been rewarded - he used acts of attainders on those who tried to plot against him

henry used bonds and recognisances to make nobility obey - they meant good behaviour and paying for behaving bad

Question 30

what was treaty of medina del campo and why was it significant

Answer 30

agreement that spain or england wouldn’t support each others enemy

marriage alliance between arthur and catherine of aragon

Question 31

warbeck weakness

Answer 31

failed to sustain support - his invasions in from 95-97 lacked support within england

Question 32

why warbeck posed a threat

Answer 32

he had foreign support from scotland and burgundy

Question 33

why didn’t warbeck pose a threat

Answer 33

he never actually had a proper battle with Henry - failed to gather domestic support

Henry was experienced at this point

Question 34

what was truce of ayton

Answer 34

Agreement between england and scotland which saw henry’s daughter marry King James IV

Question 35

what was the 1496 Magnus treaty

Answer 35

trade embargo placed on burgundy by Henry

Question 36

What company was forced to relocate as part of the embargo and where did they go

Answer 36

Henry forced Merchant Adventurers, monopoly of flemish wool trade to relocate from antwerp to pale of calais