challenging religious changes 1533-37

Question 1

reason behind Henry VII religious changes

Answer 1

Henry wanted to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon

Question 2

what did Henry appoint thomas cromwell as and what were his powers

Answer 2

Vicergant in spirituals - gave him power over the church and he used it to alter its doctrines

Question 3

what were cromwells changes to the doctrine and practices

Answer 3

preaching controlled through government

number of sacraments decreased from 7 to 3

Question 4

why did Henry support cromwells changes

Answer 4

because it undermined the power of the church - made sure his supremacy was strong

Question 5

what was 1534 treason act

Answer 5

allowed to prosecute those who refused to swear the oath as traitors

Question 6

2 example of influential opponents that were executed for refusing a henry supremacy

Answer 6

John fisher bishop of rochester

thomas more - once was henry chancellor

Question 7

why did henry make his daughter mary illegitimate

Answer 7

she was a practising catholic and a potential catholic figurehead

Question 8

importance of the monasteries

Answer 8

important part of spiritual, economic, social life

provided education and learning and provided employment

monasteries provided a financial lifeline to communities in need

Question 9

1534 subsidy and why did it make people angry

Answer 9

method of collecting taxation which made many angry because it coincided with peacetime

Question 10

cause of lincolnshire rising 1536

Answer 10

arrival of the bishop of lincoln’s officer at louth to carry out a visitation of the clergy

Question 11

aims and motives of lincolnshire rising

Answer 11

motive was against Henry “evil counsellors” - didn’t wanna rebel against the King”

Question 12

how was the lincolnshire rising put down easily

Answer 12

royal army was sent under leadership or duke of suffolk

many rebels were half hearted and were persuaded to go home

Question 13

supporters of lincolnshire rising

Answer 13

cross-section of society + 10,000 members

Question 14

threat of lincolnshire rising

Answer 14

the speed and organisation they had along with widespread support from all section of society

Question 15

cause if Pilgrimage of grace

Answer 15

linked to dissolution of monasteries and religious reform

supporters also feared social/economic consequences of the dissolution

Question 16

where/when did the POG begin

Answer 16

10th october 1536 east riding of yorkshire

Question 17

how many initial rebels did the POG have

Answer 17

6 days after it began it already reached 10k

Question 18

what did the rebels capture on the 19th october

Answer 18

captured pontefract castle and port of Hull

Question 19

what did Lord Darcy do at pontefract

Answer 19

he was defending it but he wrote letters asking for help, did little to stop them and was eventually persuaded to join

Question 20

What did the north riding of yorkshire do

Answer 20

rose up on 11th october and had support of gentry/nobility such as Lord Latimer

Question 21

what did the north riding capture

Answer 21

barnard castle

Question 22

how much was the overall rebel army of POG and who was their leader

Answer 22

30k and they looked to Robert Aske as their leader

Question 23

why and how did the gov negotiate with the rebels

Answer 23

Duke of Norfolk showed up with only 8k - outnumbered

negotiated on the 27th at pontefract

Question 24

what was the cause of Bigods rising

Answer 24

by January 1537, some former pilgrim rebels realised henry tricked them since the Duke of Norfolk was in London for longer than expected

Question 25

supporters of POG

Answer 25

cross-section support

nobility involved - lord darcy and lord hussey

robert aske and robert bowe we’re highly respected

Question 26

threat of POG

Answer 26

Vast number - 30k

the distraction at Lincolnshire diverted the army of duke of suffolk

They were coordinated - all looked to robert aske as their leader

Question 27

why were they not a threat

Answer 27

they were eventually defeated

rebels didn’t actually want to remove henry but rather his evil councillors

They were tricked by Duke of Norfolk and it was too late as their army was dispersed when they’re realised

Henry used patronage to gain loyalty such as earl of derby

Question 28

who was Robert Aske and why was he a good leader

Answer 28

Trained lawyer who was intelligent and a good speaker - proof as he persuaded lord darcy at Pontefract

he was a natural leader and acted as a military captain - all 30k looked to him

created the name POG as propaganda to make it sound peaceful - remained peaceful, orderly and loyal to Henry

Question 29

what were Aske mistakes

Answer 29

He was to naive- he had overwhelming numbers when meeting duke of norfolk but decided to negotiate

he was too willing to accept Norfolk’s proposal altho some rebels were suspicious -

Question 30

why did Bigod join the rebels

Answer 30

when POG started, he tried to escape but ended up supporting reluctantly

Question 31

why did Bigod rebel and why did it flop

Answer 31

He felt Henry and Norfolk couldn’t be trusted + he was vulnerable as he was a gentry member

lacked membership, wasn’t a good speaker like aske

Question 32

where did Bigod and Hallam plan to capture

Answer 32

hull and scarborough