Depression: Cognitive Flashcards
AO1
Depression is caused by faulty thinking processes bout reality which impact on mood
(how they interpret the world)
Catastrophising-escalating tiny problems into much bigger one’s
All or nothing thoughts
Black/white thinking
Learn maladaptive thoughts through past experiences ie learned helplessness
Become automatic schemas
Interpret everything negatively=low mood
Believes people are critical of them
Helplessness develops=even lower mood
Becomes socially withdrawn
AO1: Attribution style
Attribution of negative life events to being internal (their fault)
Stable (it will be like this all the time)
Global (every stituation/relationship)
Will be more lickely to be depressed
AO1: Beck
Suggested if you had a negative view of yourself, the future and world you will be highly susceptible to triggering depression
+AO3
CBT works
+Seligman
Dogs show learned helplessness can lead to features much like depression in animals
+Yost & Weary (1996)
Compared attributions of people of 58 depressed students and 57 non-drpressed students.
Found when making self attributions the depressed people were more lickely to judge negative behaviours and events as due to their own short comings (internal)
+ Alloy and Abramson (1999)
Longitudinal study of students
Identified those with a negative self-schema
Negative thoughts patterns had a greater risk of depression
+Beck
Asked depressed and clinically normal people to keep diaries
Depressed individuals made more negative judgements about themselves (automatic even when it made no sense
-AO3
Problems with empiricism (subjective)
Cause and effect
Reductionist (ignores biology)
Drugs work so it can’t not be biological to some degree
-Lewinsohn et al (2001)
Researched adolescent depression and found stressed and dysfunctional attitudes rather than environmental factors was the strongest predictor of depression.
Little evidence that cognitive distortions are present before depression
