Depression + Anxiety science

Question 1

What is the drug target of SSRIs?

Answer 1

SERT transporters

Question 2

What is the method of action of SSRIs?

Answer 2

They competitively inhibit SERT transporters, preventing the reuptake of serotonin. This enhances the synaptic levels of serotonin.

Question 3

What are the drug targets of SNRIs?

Answer 3

SERT and NET

Question 4

What is the drug target of MAO inhibitors?

Answer 4

Monoamine oxidase A and/or B

Question 5

What is the method of action of MAO inhibitors?

Answer 5

They inhibit monoamine oxidase, preventing the breakdown of serotonin and noradrenaline.

Question 6

Which type of MAO has a substrate preference for 5-HT and NA?

Answer 6

MAO-A

Question 7

Why are patients on a MAOi told to avoid aged cheese and fermented foods?

Answer 7

Aged cheese and fermented foods contain a substance called tyramine. Tyramine is broken down by MAO-A and MAO-B. When these enzymes are inhibited, it prevents the metabolism of tyramine resulting in it accumulating in the body. High levels of tyramine can cause hypertensive crisis.

Question 8

What is an example of a reversible MAO-A selective inhibitor?

Answer 8

Moclobemide

Question 9

What are two examples of irreversible non-competitive MAO inhibitors?

Answer 9

Phenelzine and iproniazid

Question 10

What is the neuroendocrine mechanism hypothesis for depression?

Answer 10

• Increased plasma cortisol levels in severe depression
• Impaired glucocorticoid induced feedback control

Question 11

What is the inflammatory mechanisms hypothesis for depression?

Answer 11

• Behavioural changes experienced with infections can mimic depressive-like behaviour
• Cytokines cause these changes